全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2475篇 |
免费 | 66篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 201篇 |
民族学 | 1篇 |
人才学 | 1篇 |
人口学 | 35篇 |
丛书文集 | 32篇 |
理论方法论 | 40篇 |
综合类 | 286篇 |
社会学 | 93篇 |
统计学 | 1858篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 51篇 |
2019年 | 103篇 |
2018年 | 101篇 |
2017年 | 176篇 |
2016年 | 87篇 |
2015年 | 67篇 |
2014年 | 105篇 |
2013年 | 635篇 |
2012年 | 175篇 |
2011年 | 76篇 |
2010年 | 91篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 71篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 71篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2547条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
全球经济一体化的加速推进,使传统的生产要素对企业绩效的增强作用显现出了越来越多的局限性,企业必须寻找新的经济增长点和发展战略。在此过程中,作为承担社会责任的一种有效方式,企业慈善捐赠行为的产生与发展具有典型意义。文章运用回归分析等方法,对2008年上海证券交易所有过慈善捐赠的428家上市公司的数据资料进行统计分析与检验,结果表明:企业规模、资产负债率和企业高管人员平均受教育程度均对企业慈善捐赠有影响,但影响程度存在差异;企业通过参与慈善捐赠将获得的无形资源转化为自身的核心优势,促进组织绩效的提升;最后,提出建立有效的政策对鼓励企业参与捐赠的积极意义。 相似文献
82.
Research into polarisation on the internet has so far primarily focused on contentious issues and yielded contradictory results. Shifting the focus to a non-contentious setting, this article combines community detection with brokerage analysis and exponential random graph models to assess the degree of polarisation at different levels of a German hyperlink network on climate change. Although homophily accounts for a moderate degree of polarisation at the top level of the network, the communities reveal that other factors prove more decisive in shaping its structure and the article thus contributes to a more refined understanding of the nature of online polarisation. 相似文献
83.
Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Håvard Rue Sara Martino Nicolas Chopin 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2009,71(2):319-392
Summary. Structured additive regression models are perhaps the most commonly used class of models in statistical applications. It includes, among others, (generalized) linear models, (generalized) additive models, smoothing spline models, state space models, semiparametric regression, spatial and spatiotemporal models, log-Gaussian Cox processes and geostatistical and geoadditive models. We consider approximate Bayesian inference in a popular subset of structured additive regression models, latent Gaussian models , where the latent field is Gaussian, controlled by a few hyperparameters and with non-Gaussian response variables. The posterior marginals are not available in closed form owing to the non-Gaussian response variables. For such models, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods can be implemented, but they are not without problems, in terms of both convergence and computational time. In some practical applications, the extent of these problems is such that Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is simply not an appropriate tool for routine analysis. We show that, by using an integrated nested Laplace approximation and its simplified version, we can directly compute very accurate approximations to the posterior marginals. The main benefit of these approximations is computational: where Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms need hours or days to run, our approximations provide more precise estimates in seconds or minutes. Another advantage with our approach is its generality, which makes it possible to perform Bayesian analysis in an automatic, streamlined way, and to compute model comparison criteria and various predictive measures so that models can be compared and the model under study can be challenged. 相似文献
84.
Abstract. One of the main research areas in Bayesian Nonparametrics is the proposal and study of priors which generalize the Dirichlet process. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive Bayesian non-parametric analysis of random probabilities which are obtained by normalizing random measures with independent increments (NRMI). Special cases of these priors have already shown to be useful for statistical applications such as mixture models and species sampling problems. However, in order to fully exploit these priors, the derivation of the posterior distribution of NRMIs is crucial: here we achieve this goal and, indeed, provide explicit and tractable expressions suitable for practical implementation. The posterior distribution of an NRMI turns out to be a mixture with respect to the distribution of a specific latent variable. The analysis is completed by the derivation of the corresponding predictive distributions and by a thorough investigation of the marginal structure. These results allow to derive a generalized Blackwell–MacQueen sampling scheme, which is then adapted to cover also mixture models driven by general NRMIs. 相似文献
85.
C. A. Glasbey 《Statistics and Computing》2009,19(1):49-56
Dynamic programming (DP) is a fast, elegant method for solving many one-dimensional optimisation problems but, unfortunately,
most problems in image analysis, such as restoration and warping, are two-dimensional. We consider three generalisations of
DP. The first is iterated dynamic programming (IDP), where DP is used to recursively solve each of a sequence of one-dimensional
problems in turn, to find a local optimum. A second algorithm is an empirical, stochastic optimiser, which is implemented
by adding progressively less noise to IDP. The final approach replaces DP by a more computationally intensive Forward-Backward
Gibbs Sampler, and uses a simulated annealing cooling schedule. Results are compared with existing pixel-by-pixel methods
of iterated conditional modes (ICM) and simulated annealing in two applications: to restore a synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
image, and to warp a pulsed-field electrophoresis gel into alignment with a reference image. We find that IDP and its stochastic
variant outperform the remaining algorithms. 相似文献
86.
Modified inference about the mean of the exponential distribution using moving extreme ranked set sampling 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the likelihood ratio test (LRT) will be considered for making inference about the
scale parameter of the exponential distribution in case of moving extreme ranked set sampling (MERSS). The MLE and LRT can
not be written in closed form. Therefore, a modification of the MLE using the technique suggested by Maharota and Nanda (Biometrika
61:601–606, 1974) will be considered and this modified estimator will be used to modify the LRT to get a test in closed form
for testing a simple hypothesis against one sided alternatives. The same idea will be used to modify the most powerful test
(MPT) for testing a simple hypothesis versus a simple hypothesis to get a test in closed form for testing a simple hypothesis
against one sided alternatives. Then it appears that the modified estimator is a good competitor of the MLE and the modified
tests are good competitors of the LRT using MERSS and simple random sampling (SRS). 相似文献
87.
Nonparametric density estimation in the presence of measurement error is considered. The usual kernel deconvolution estimator
seeks to account for the contamination in the data by employing a modified kernel. In this paper a new approach based on a
weighted kernel density estimator is proposed. Theoretical motivation is provided by the existence of a weight vector that
perfectly counteracts the bias in density estimation without generating an excessive increase in variance. In practice a data
driven method of weight selection is required. Our strategy is to minimize the discrepancy between a standard kernel estimate
from the contaminated data on the one hand, and the convolution of the weighted deconvolution estimate with the measurement
error density on the other hand. We consider a direct implementation of this approach, in which the weights are optimized
subject to sum and non-negativity constraints, and a regularized version in which the objective function includes a ridge-type
penalty. Numerical tests suggest that the weighted kernel estimation can lead to tangible improvements in performance over
the usual kernel deconvolution estimator. Furthermore, weighted kernel estimates are free from the problem of negative estimation
in the tails that can occur when using modified kernels. The weighted kernel approach generalizes to the case of multivariate
deconvolution density estimation in a very straightforward manner. 相似文献
88.
“Double-dose” coursework has become an increasingly popular strategy to assist low-performing students succeed in academic coursework. Chicago implemented a “double-dose” English policy in 2003. This policy not only provided additional instructional time to struggling readers, but also intensified skill-based sorting in English classes. I use policy-induced variation to infer the policy effect on students’ reading achievement and the effect mediated by classroom peer ability change. Results show very weak, but positive effects of taking double-dose English for students with average skills. However, potential benefits of doubled instructional time are likely to be offset by negative effects of declines in classroom peer ability. Students with very weak skills experienced minimal change in classroom peer ability, and two-period coursework is likely to benefit these students. 相似文献
89.
Amy M. Kwon 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2017,46(14):6959-6966
When data are outcome-dependent non response, pseudo-likelihood yields consistent regression coefficients without specifying the missing data mechanism. However, it is onerous to derive parameter estimators including their standard errors from the regression coefficients under pseudo-likelihood (PL). The present study applies an imputation method to compute the asymptotic standard errors of parameter estimators. The proposed method is simpler than Delta method and it showed similar effect size of the standard errors to bootstrapping in simulation and application studies. 相似文献
90.