论汉语谚语

从内容和形式两个方面 ,对汉语谚语的历史与定义作了概述 ,说明谚语与格言、成语、歇后语等的区别。分析了谚语如何从开始的大众口头形式而后与书面小说和散文相结合的演进过程。像在世界各国一样 ,汉语谚语具有传送传统共同价值观念的功用。在西方国家 ,由于个人主义的兴起 ,谚语逐渐消亡 ;但在中国 ,谚语继续广泛使用 ,因为它仍然起着传送在社会中被视为重要的传统价值观念的作用。     

科技型中小企业的企业文化建设研究

分析了科技型中小企业的科技性、创新等特点 ,界定了科技型中小企业文化的涵义及其建设的意义 ,提出了科技型中小企业文化建设中培育风险价值观 ,以人致胜 ,打造团队精神 ,提高整体素质 ,整合文化和增强创新意识、多方位创新的方法与途径     

观念演进与社会变迁:近代西欧转型时期的人文主义价值观

15、16世纪是西欧封建社会向近代资本社会转型时期,也是西欧社会文化和价值观念逐渐从粗俗走向文明的现代化时代。人文主义价值观念的奠立及其现代性重要影响是当时社会进入一个新的历史变迁阶段的显著标志。中世纪以来西欧社会转型时期新价值观念的涌动和人文主义价值观念的奠立,主要体现于三个方面:一是财富观念的变化;一是快乐人生观念的涌现;一是新式荣誉观念的崇尚。     

高校班集体建设面临的挑战与对策

分析了新形势下班集体建设面临的挑战 ,探讨了高校班集体发展的一般规律 ,对高校班集体的建设提出了相应的对策和建议     

Counseling models and their impact on how therapists handle values issues

Counseling is not a value free enterprise. Therapeutic models are value laden. Counselors and clients are both emotionally invested in right living issues. Since no therapy is value free, clients face the dilemma of finding a therapist with values similar to their own or having their values challenged. Therapists face the ethical issue of clarifying their own values and determining how to make them known.     

Social responsibility,individualism, and redistributive policies

Previous research supports the consensus on individualism hypothesis, which holds that most Americans value hard work and self-reliance, perceive an open opportunity structure, and as a result, oppose redistributive policies, whether targeted by race or designed to help the poor in general. In contrast, this paper shows that one form of egalitarianism, a sense of social responsibility, remains a potent American value. Factor analysis of 18 stratification belief items from the 1984 General Social Survey results in two dimensions—one involving social responsibility and the other economic individualism. Social responsibility is the more powerful predictor of redistributive policy attitudes. Individuals who place a higher priority on social responsibility than on individualism are more likely than those with the opposite priorities to support redistributive policies, but are also disproportionately low income, black, and less politically active. These results suggest that economic individualism appears a hegemonic value in the United States partly because of the lack of political influence and low socioeconomic status of those most committed to social responsibility beliefs.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1986 meetings of the American Sociological Association in New York.     

Size distributions reconsidered

We consider tests of the hypothesis that the tail of size distributions decays faster than any power function. These are based on a single parameter that emerges from the Fisher–Tippett limit theorem, and discriminate between leading laws considered in the literature without requiring fully parametric models/specifications. We study the proposed tests taking into account the higher order regular variation of the size distribution that can lead to catastrophic distortions. The theoretical bias corrections realign successfully nominal and empirical test behavior, and inform a sensitivity analysis for practical work. The methods are used in an examination of the size distribution of cities and firms.     

Second-order refined peaks-over-threshold modelling for heavy-tailed distributions

Modelling excesses over a high threshold using the Pareto or generalized Pareto distribution (PD/GPD) is the most popular approach in extreme value statistics. This method typically requires high thresholds in order for the (G)PD to fit well and in such a case applies only to a small upper fraction of the data. The extension of the (G)PD proposed in this paper is able to describe the excess distribution for lower thresholds in case of heavy-tailed distributions. This yields a statistical model that can be fitted to a larger portion of the data. Moreover, estimates of tail parameters display stability for a larger range of thresholds. Our findings are supported by asymptotic results, simulations and a case study.     

Jackknife method for intermediate quantiles

Quantile function plays an important role in statistical inference, and intermediate quantile is useful in risk management. It is known that Jackknife method fails for estimating the variance of a sample quantile. By assuming that the underlying distribution satisfies some extreme value conditions, we show that Jackknife variance estimator is inconsistent for an intermediate order statistic. Further we derive the asymptotic limit of the Jackknife-Studentized intermediate order statistic so that a confidence interval for an intermediate quantile can be obtained. A simulation study is conducted to compare this new confidence interval with other existing ones in terms of coverage accuracy.