要素匹配与中国投资效率空间差异性——基于双层嵌套型函数的分解研究

本文基于四要素双层嵌套的生产函数,利用1990-2016年全国层面及省际层面数据测算投资效率,并分析其空间结构特征及演变轨迹,检验投资效率匹配效应影响因素。研究发现：①1990-2016年我国整体投资效率呈下降趋势,资本-技能劳动匹配效应与整体投资效率走势趋同,快速累积的资本存量和不断升级的资本质量与短缺的技能劳动之间矛盾突出。②东中西部地区投资效率增长非一致性明显。东部地区资本相对投资效率明显高于中西部,但下降幅度大于中西部,中西部与东部地区之间差距缩小,其中匹配效应是区域间投资效率非平衡的主要成因。③若产业结构升级的技能劳动需求不能满足,将引发要素错配,不利于有效投资。房价与工资提升分别通过影响技能劳动供给和需求抑制要素匹配效率;教育和公路设施会对地区要素匹配产生积极影响,改善地区间投资效率非均衡性;地区投资效率存在显著正向空间相关性,毗邻地区的要素流动和经济发展相近地区的技术溢出均对投资效率产生积极的影响。     

资本错配会诱发全要素生产率损失吗

当前要素错配已成为发展中国家的普遍现象,但前沿文献更多关注劳动力错配而非资本错配对全要素生产率的影响。本文构建不完全市场条件下的多部门模型,以资本流动系数表征资本错配水平,结合中国1978-2010年八大产业面板数据定量测算资本错配对全要素生产率的影响。结果显示：资本配置效率整体对全要素生产率增长的作用为负,源于资本错配引发的资源配置效率损失对全要素生产率的影响突出,诱致全要素生产率下降2.6%。同时,资本错配使实际产出与潜在产出形成较大缺口,实际产出仅占潜在产出的70%-89%。这可能源于金融系统的垄断抑制资本自由流动,引致产业间资本出现较大程度的错配,造成全要素生产率和产出效率损失。     

文化因素与翻译——从跨文化角度看《红楼梦》中习语的翻译

习语是语言的精华与核心,具有鲜明的文化特色.习语翻译是翻译中所遇到的最棘手的问题之一.本文拟从习语的文化特异性这一角度来探讨<红楼梦>中习语的不同翻译方法,旨在通过对具体译例的剖析,来探讨习语翻译过程中应该如何恰当地处理文化因素的问题.     

A structured variational learning approach for switching latent factor models

A data-driven approach for modeling volatility dynamics and co-movements in financial markets is introduced. Special emphasis is given to multivariate conditionally heteroscedastic factor models in which the volatilities of the latent factors depend on their past values, and the parameters are driven by regime switching in a latent state variable. We propose an innovative indirect estimation method based on the generalized EM algorithm principle combined with a structured variational approach that can handle models with large cross-sectional dimensions. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations and preliminary experiments with financial data show promising results.     

Factor Multivariate Stochastic Volatility via Wishart Processes

This paper proposes a high dimensional factor multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) model in which factor covariance matrices are driven by Wishart random processes. The framework allows for unrestricted specification of intertemporal sensitivities, which can capture the persistence in volatilities, kurtosis in returns, and correlation breakdowns and contagion effects in volatilities. The factor structure allows addressing high dimensional setups used in portfolio analysis and risk management, as well as modeling conditional means and conditional variances within the model framework. Owing to the complexity of the model, we perform inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation from the posterior distribution. A simulation study is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the estimation algorithm. We illustrate our model on a data set that includes 88 individual equity returns and the two Fama-French size and value factors. With this application, we demonstrate the ability of the model to address high dimensional applications suitable for asset allocation, risk management, and asset pricing.     

对发挥图书资料系统人员子系统功能的分析

通过对图书资料人员子系统因素的分析,就充分发挥其功能提出了具体实施措施,以求发挥图书资料系统人员的主观能动性,提高图书资料系统的整体效能。     

论公共行政学的范式转型

从19世纪末到如今,公共行政学在一个多的世纪的发展过程中,经历了几个不同的发展阶段,对此,有学者称之为范式的转型。当然,也有学者认为,公共行政学还没有从根本上超出管理行政的范式。在我们看来,就公共行政学本身来讲,它的确还没有出现范式的根本转型。然而,同传统的行政观念或思想相比,它已是对传统行政观念或思想的一种根本转型。目前,全球行政改革运动的深入、持续发展表明,公共行政学范式的真正转型已具备了一定的现实基础和前提。     

Impact of shift work and department type upon strain and attitudinal measures of hospital nurses

The effects of shift work (fixed versus rotating), type of hospital department (intensive care unit versus non-ICU), and job scope on stress and attitudes have been reported previously. The goal of the present study was to examine the interactive, as well as individual, impact of these variables on measures of perceived work stress, strain, work satisfaction and withdrawal intentions. Respondents in the study were nurses in a large general hospital in Israel. None of the two- or three-way interactions received empirical support. However, significant multivariate main effects for each of the three independent measures were found. The negative influence of rotating work shift compared to fixed work shift was supported. Nurses who thought that their job was more enriching were more satisfied and perceived their workload as being lower. Department type affected only burnout level; nurses in non-ICUs were lower in burnout. Several theoretical and practical possible interpretations and possible implications are presented.     

环境会计要素核算探析

随着环境污染的日益严重,人们已经意识到必须将环境资源以及与之相关的问题纳入有关的会计核算体系。环境会计要素就是对环境会计对象的进一步分类。环境会计主要包括环境资产、环境负债、环境费用和环境收益等四大要素。     

基于双因素理论的民办高职院校教师薪酬激励性研究——以运城职业技术学院为例

民办高职院校实现跨越式发展必须在教学上凸显特色,发挥教师的积极性和创造性是民办高职院校迫切需要解决的问题之一。绩效薪酬在激励教师积极性方面可以发挥重要作用,设计具有强激励性的薪酬体系对民办高职院校发展具有现实意义。