Harm by Her Own Hand

Abstract

Recent research regarding violence among juveniles has left important questions unanswered. One question involves the effect of gender. This paper reports the results of a study examining gender differences in violent behavior. The records of 136 juveniles (m = 71; f = 65) were reviewed to test the hypothesis that sexual abuse, low levels of family support, and low levels of support from friends would predict self-directed violence more effectively among females than among males. Logistic regression models correctly classified 71% of the girls and 76.06% of the boys. The model for girls identified 79.49% (9.59% improvement) of the non-mutilators and 57.69% (16.62% improvement) of the mutilators. The model for boys predicted non-mutilation with 100% accuracy (25% improvement), but did not correctly classify any mutilators (23.61% decrease in predictive capacity). The study supported the hypothesis and has important implications for social work practice.     

女性社会地位与总和生育率

在审视现有衡量女性社会地位的指标体系并用主成分分析法构建出新的指标体系的基础上,依据联合国人类发展报告中提供的数据,对全世界36个具有代表性的国家的女性社会地位与总和生育率的关系进行了研究分析,对最不发达国家进行了补充性分析。研究表明:一个国家女性的社会地位越高,总和生育率越低;一个国家的妇幼医疗保障水平对该国生育率的变动有着特殊重要的意义。     

女性受众与传媒中的“女性形象”

着眼于女性受众的权益和对弱势群体的保护,本着媒介的社会责任和自律原则,媒介中的"女性形象"应该从片面走向完整,从矫情走向平实.媒介在赢利至上的市场规则下,也应该担负起一定的社会责任,体现出一种温暖的人文情怀.     

试论独生女家庭环境对促进女性成长的积极影响

"计划生育"作为一项人口政策,除了产生直接的人口后果外,还会带来广泛的社会影响。"独生女"家庭内部平等意识的增长、家庭性别教育的转向,对女孩期望的提高以及父女间的频繁互动等,对于培养独生女一代现代性别意识、提高女性素质,促进女性独立、健康发展都产生了积极影响。     

Linking Housing Changes to Crime

Housing figures prominently in debates about crime in Britain. It has become commonplace to comment on the increasing associations between crime and council housing. This paper explores some of the issues which link housing and crime. It argues that it is important to recognize how the social base and geography of housing have changed and to understand processes which lead to an increasing concentration in council housing of those with least choice in the housing market and fewest resources elsewhere. At the same time there is a danger in overstating the associations between crime and council housing and neglecting other associations with housing, and homelessness. In view of the associations between crime and council housing, considerable effort has been expended on developing management and other responses designed to reduce crime. The general view is that a broad approach is required in such initiatives and the limited research evidence does not suggest that housing management action alone is effective in reducing crime. The association which exists between council housing and crime requires a policy response which relates to why the most deprived sections of the community are increasingly concentrated in parts of the housing market and exposed to increased risks, and one which relates to the pattern of opportunities and choices in the housing system and not just to housing management.     

《约翰·克利斯朵夫》中的安多纳德--凄美的法国文学女性形象

安多纳德是小说的两大主人公约翰·克利斯朵夫和奥里维之间的桥梁 ,正是通过她 ,他们两人才相知相遇。安多纳德是这篇小说的心灵世界不可缺少的推动力。安多纳德在小说中刚出场时是一个无忧无虑的少女形象。在经历了内心决定性的转变与爱和自我牺牲的精神主宰了她的心灵世界后 ,她那凄美的女性形象方才完整地呈现出来。这种转变是通过爱的净化、苦难的净化与宗教虔诚的净化带来的。安多纳德的女性形象所代表的正是这样凄美的爱和虔诚的力量。它由最后的死亡与神秘信仰所带来的净化得到最终完成     

A cohort analysis of female labor participation rates in the U.S. and Japan

Aggregate data of female labor participation rates in U.S. and Japan, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period, and cohort effects using innovative Bayesian cohort models that were developed to overcome the identification problem in cohort analysis. The main findings are that in both countries, age effects are the largest and period effects are the smallest; in both countries, age effects are roughly consistent with life-cycle movements expected by labor economics, but the negative effects of marriage and/or childbearing on women?’s labor supply in Japan are much larger than those observed in the U.S.; and in both countries, upward movements of cohort effects during 1930s–1960s were found. However, cohort effects are larger for the U.S. than for Japan. All the cohort results are roughly consistent with the marriage squeeze hypothesis and the Easterlin hypothesis.     

Crime and the city: Domestic burglary and the built environment in Tehran

Environmental criminologists have correlated crime patterns with the environmental and physical layout of places where crimes occur. This paper reports on some of the findings derived from a major research carried out in Tehran, focusing on the link between built environment and residential burglary. After a brief review of crime prevention approaches in the built environment and their theoretical basis, the paper examines how burglars select their targets, and investigates the significance of geographical distance and target hardening for crime prevention. It shows the limitations of distance and target hardening as deterrents, their potential impact on deepening the city's socio-spatial divide, and their negative implications for the quality of the urban environment.     

浅论环境犯罪危险犯

环境犯罪危险犯从类型上来看，大致可以分为两类：一类是具体危险犯和抽象危险犯，一类是故意危险犯和过失危险犯。当前，西方发达国家多已对环境犯罪危险犯有了完备的刑事立法，现代的环境立法价值取向的转变以及环境犯罪的特点决定了确立环境犯罪危险犯具有必要性，因此，我国也应尽早对环境犯罪危险犯进行刑事立法。     

Trouble en Route: Drug Trafficking and Clientelism in Rio de Janeiro Shantytowns

This article examines the ways that endemic drug trafficking has affected local level politics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Drawing on ethnographic analysis of political exchanges in the 1998 national elections in three favelas (shantytowns), I argue that drug trafficking has changed the practice of clientelism. Evidence and analysis in this paper will show that the persistence of drug trafficking in the city has led to the emergence of a two-tiered clientelist system in which politicians make exchanges with traffickers who then, in turn, provide some benefits to favela residents in return for their votes. This results in an arrangement that provides votes to politicians and limited assistance to the poor but does little to build the legitimacy of the political system.