长三角一体化进程中城市群GIS建设研究

世界级城市群如波士华城市群已经是全球经济发展的重要力量。长三角城市群虽然是中国最大的城市群,但是与世界级城市群相比还有一定差距。其发展面临着协调制度及协议规划的约束力不够,交通设施存在重复配置,产业同构、同质竞争现象严重等问题。而长三角城市群GIS的建设可以为城市群管理或协调机构提供管理平台,为城市群城际交通及布局提供规划支持,为城市群产业分工和协作提供决策支持,为城市群可持续发展提供分析工具。美国城市群GIS的相关实践——MetmGIs对长三角城市群GIS的建设具有重要的借鉴意义。长三角城市群GIS的建设可成立GIS建设委员会,并在充分调动社会因素的基础上分阶段实施。     

人力资源综合素质评价及区域分异研究——以陕西省为例

人口的综合素质是区域社会经济发展的根本保证,人口的规模、素质和结构与社会经济发展、生态安全有着密切的关系。本文构建了陕西省人力资源综合素质评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对影响人力资源综合素质的指标进行降维处理,确定了四个与人力资源素质密切相关的因子。分别是收入水平因子（LOIF：The Level Of Income Factor）、医疗条件因子（MCF：Medical Condition Factor）、科教文化因子（SECF：Science and Education and Cultural Factors）、非农产业因子（NAIF：Non-Agricultural Industries Factor）;并计算了各市在各因子上的得分,从而得到了人力资源综合评价指数（HREI：Hunlan Resources Evaluafion Index）;利用SPSS构建了因子与地区经济发展水平（GDP）间的逐步回归模型：运用系统聚类法将人力资源综合评价指数与影响因子分为4类;在ARCGIS支持下制作了陕西人力资源综合素质评价图．从而揭示了人力资源综合素质的空间差异。     

西藏各产业人力资本与经济发展的关系研究

以第五次西藏人口普查资料和相关年份统计年鉴为依据,用劳动力受教育年限法对西藏自治区各地人力资本进行了估算,并采用GIS技术和灰色关联系统对各地区各行业人力资本同经济总量之间的关系做了分析,其结果表明:不同行业人力资本对经济发展的贡献大小不同,其中,教育文化艺术及广播电视业,国家机关、政党机关和社会团体,卫生、体育和社会福利业等行业人力资本对当地经济发展的促进作用较显著。     

Methods for spatial and temporal land use and land cover assessment for urban ecosystems and application in the greater Baltimore-Chesapeake region

Understanding contemporary urban landscapes requires multiple sets of spatially and temporally compatible data that can integrate historical land use patterns and disturbances to land cover. This paper presents three principal methods: (1) core analysis; (2) historic mapping; and (3) gradient analysis, to link spatial and temporal data for urban ecosystems and applies their use in the Baltimore-Chesapeake region. Paleoecological evidence derived from the geochronology of sediment cores provides data on long-term as well as recent changes in vegetative land cover. This information, combined with contemporary vegetation maps, provides a baseline for conducting trend analyses to evaluate urbanization of the landscape. A 200-year historical land use database created from historical maps, census data, and remotely sensed data provides a spatial framework for investigating human impacts on the region. A geographic information system (GIS) integrates core analyses with historic data on land use change to yield a comprehensive land use and land cover framework and rates of change. These data resources establish the regional foundation for investigating the ecological components of an urban ecosystem. Urban-rural gradient analyses and patch analyses are proposed as the most appropriate methods for studying the urban ecosystem as they link ecological and social patterns and processes for varying degrees of urbanization.     

半支箭河中游先秦时期遗址分布的空间考察

通过基于GIS建立的遗址分布地形图和等级规模法则,在对半支箭河中游地区先秦各时期遗址进行分群、分区的基础上,对遗址间的等级结构进行的考察表明,半支箭河中游调查区内,在赵宝沟和红山时期,不论是处于同一群的遗址之间,还是不同的遗址集群之间,都没有出现明显的等级差别。在夏家店下层时期,在遗址不同层次的集群间以及同一个遗址集群内部,都出现了明显的等级结构,既有小范围的地区中心,也出现了大规模的地域性中心。夏家店上层时期的遗址仍然存在着小范围的地区性中心以及更高层次的区域性中心,但不同层次的中心间并没有表现出显著的等级结构。战国时期虽然形成了若干个小规模的地区性中心,但在整个调查区内都缺乏更高层次的区域性中心,表明还有更高地位的地区性中心或政体凌驾于这些小范围的地区性中心之上。     

Using GIS in community design charrettes: Lessons from a Japan–U.S. collaboration in earthquake recovery and mitigation planning for Kobe

Charrettes have become popular in the urban design field, especially for use among multidisciplinary teams of professionals and non-professional community stakeholders seeking to incorporate a rich array of expertise in short visioning activities. Geographic Information Systems are among the technologies with potential to provide sophisticated spatial information to charrette participants efficiently. This article reports on a charrette carried out jointly by teams from Kobe University and the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, using GIS to inform urban design in three neighborhoods affected by the Great Hanshin–Awaji Earthquake of 1995 in Kobe, Japan. The article describes the charrette itself, and discusses the utility of GIS, given the challenges of disaster recovery in a context of undeveloped institutions for public participation, and with participants of different linguistic and educational backgrounds. In combination with electronically storable drawing technology, GIS proved useful in enlarging the multidisciplinary and cross-cultural reach of urban design; in incorporating new layers of pre-prepared expert data, and in combining such data with dynamically-generated “advice maps” and design ideas. For GIS-based charrettes to become more widely useful in community-scale design in Japan, however, additional property-scale data need to be available.     

基于GIS的ANN在枯水资源承载力研究中的应用

本文论述了枯水资源承裁能力的概念、内涵,并总结基于GIS的ANN在枯水资源承载力预测的应用和优点.     

Geo-sampling in developing nations

RTI International created a geospatial grid-based sampling methodology that: achieved a probability-based household sample and unbiased estimates; was comparable across countries; used simple frame data available from the in-country census; and was efficient with minimal training to local field staff. The methodology used 1 km² LandScan world population data, which was further subdivided to smaller grid cells ranging from 50 to 150 m². To guide fieldwork, georeferenced maps were generated and viewed without an Internet connection using a third-party app and the tablet’s internal global positioning systems receiver. The field staff’s location was displayed in real time as a blue dot enabling field staff to determine household inclusivity. This methodology was successfully implemented for household surveys Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The design is transferable, adaptable, scalable, and can be used anywhere in the world.     

高等院校数字化校园管理研究

“数字化校园”管理是借助地理信息系统 (GIS)现代化手段及传统手段采集基础数据 ,对校园的各种要素建立数据库 ,以专门的系统软件与数学模型对校园管理的各种方案进行模拟、分析和研究。可应用于校园设施信息管理、规划管理及提供辅助决策     

空间统计分析中的MAUP及其影响

文章以我国综合经济区划和相关统计指标为计算数据,分析了可变面积单元问题的尺度效应;探讨了不同空间尺度下MAUP对空闻统计分析结果的影响:指出MAUP及其对空间分析结果的影响是区域研究结果不确定性的主要原因之一,需要用GIS进行健康的数据分析.