论四川省中小企业核心竞争力的提升

四川省中小企业核心竞争力缺乏的现状,主要表现为企业的商业精神淡薄,盲目多元,资源分散,研究发展投入不足,缺乏系统的组织管理。从收集并整合外部环境要素,注重企业产品和服务发展的地理位置和空间范围条件,注重企业内部管理（主要包括组织管理能力的提升、人力资本的运用、企业核心价值观的建设）等几个方面入手提升核心竞争力,以获得长期的利润空间和获得在国内外的竞争地位,这对地区经济、国家经济、世界经济的发展都有着重大的意义。     

盖尔达维的中间主义思想研究

作为当代阿拉伯-伊斯兰世界的主流思潮之一,伊斯兰“中间主义”认为,伊斯兰文明的首要信息是中正与和平,伊斯兰教反对各种形式的极端主义和恐怖主义,不同文明间应开展平等对话与交流,不同民族和国家间的友好交往是人类共同发展和世界持久和平的基础。卡塔尔大学教授尤苏夫·盖尔达维是这一思潮的重要代表人物之一,本文对其主要思想作了简要介绍,并指出他的中正、中和思想对于维护阿拉伯民族的团结、促进各国人民相互理解和世界和平事业,具有重要的现实意义。     

The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem for the lasso and the ridge regression

The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell (FWL) (partitioned regression) theorem is essential in regression analysis. This is partly because it is quite useful to derive theoretical results. The lasso regression and the ridge regression, both of which are penalized least-squares regressions, have become popular statistical techniques. This article describes that the FWL theorem remains valid for these penalized least-squares regressions. More precisely, we demonstrate that the covariates corresponding to unpenalized regression parameters in these penalized least-squares regression can be projected out. Some other results related to the FWL theorem in such penalized least-squares regressions are also presented.     

信息内容可信度对消费者转基因食品接受程度的影响——以江苏省为例

深入研究外部信息传入特别是信息内容可信度对消费者转基因食品接受程度的影响对中国政府转基因科普宣传具有重要意义。利用江苏省消费者调查数据,定量研究信息内容可信度等因素对消费者转基因食品接受程度的影响,具体来说,定量研究积极属性信息内容和消极属性信息内容对不同风险人群(所有样本、低风险人群、高风险人群)转基因食品接受程度的影响。研究结果表明,外部信息传入更容易影响低风险人群对转基因食品的接受程度。积极属性和消极属性信息内容可信度分别显著正向和负向影响低风险人群对转基因食品的接受程度,且前者的作用较大。积极属性信息内容可信度对高风险人群转基因食品接受程度的影响较弱,而消极属性信息内容可信度对高风险人群几乎没有影响。     

A simulation study of methods for selecting subgroup‐specific doses in phase 1 trials

Patient heterogeneity may complicate dose‐finding in phase 1 clinical trials if the dose‐toxicity curves differ between subgroups. Conducting separate trials within subgroups may lead to infeasibly small sample sizes in subgroups having low prevalence. Alternatively,it is not obvious how to conduct a single trial while accounting for heterogeneity. To address this problem,we consider a generalization of the continual reassessment method on the basis of a hierarchical Bayesian dose‐toxicity model that borrows strength between subgroups under the assumption that the subgroups are exchangeable. We evaluate a design using this model that includes subgroup‐specific dose selection and safety rules. A simulation study is presented that includes comparison of this method to 3 alternative approaches,on the basis of nonhierarchical models,that make different types of assumptions about within‐subgroup dose‐toxicity curves. The simulations show that the hierarchical model‐based method is recommended in settings where the dose‐toxicity curves are exchangeable between subgroups. We present practical guidelines for application and provide computer programs for trial simulation and conduct.     

Minimum variance unbiased estimation of stress–strength reliability under bivariate normal and its comparisons

In many industrial and natural phenomena, we need the probability that a component is smaller than the other component. Under a stress–strength model, this is reliability of an item. Under independent setup, there are different approaches for the estimation of such reliability. Here, estimation is considered under the dependent case. Under bi-variate setup uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator is obtained. Also comparison with available estimator based on Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) is done through Mean Square Error (MSE) and bias. Also these are compared by computing L₁ distance between their distribution functions. From this idea and numerical computations, UMVUE appears to be good.     

Lurking Behavior in Online Psychosocial Discussion Forums: Theoretical Perspectives and Implications for Practice

Improving outcomes of telebehavioral psychoeducation requires rethinking program design when delivered wholly or partially for self-directed participation. Discussion forum participation often follows the “90-9-1 Rule” where 90% of participants lurk, rather than contribute content. A theoretical perspective on the behavior can help explain its adaptive functions, as well as the threats that this behavior poses to the lurker. Implications for practice require program redesign that actively links individual skills training and group-based discussion. The proposed linking design can synergize individual and group participation to support the development of mutual aid, as well as greater interaction with psychoeducation content and materials.     

《儿女英雄传》中的副词“都”及其语法化

《儿女英雄传》是《红楼梦》通向现代北京话的中途站,通过它可以了解汉语在19世纪中期的基本面貌。当时,副词“都”已具备表示范围和表示语气等用法,其语气副词用法中有一类兼表已然义。根据《儿女英雄传》中反映的语言事实和语法化的一般规律,副词“都”的语法化路径应该为“范围副词→语气副词→兼表已然义的语气副词”。     

“管他”的语法化

＂管他＂是一个至今未被收入虚词词典的连词性成分。在现代汉语中,＂管他＂虽然没有词汇化为一个词,但它是一个经过句法上的并入操作而实现的韵律词,比＂管＂更有资格充当连词性成分。＂管他＂语法化为连词性成分首先是语义条件,即＂管＂由行为动词演变为心理动词、代词＂他＂的意义虚化,其次是语音条件,即现代汉语双音节的自然音步模式。此外,＂管他＂语法化为连词的直接语境是反问句,相关语境是否定句。     

再谈王维提出的“天机清妙”

王维提出了一个关于山水审美活动中＂天机清妙＂的命题。这是他＂自觉＂的经验总结,同时也是中国山水审美及文艺理论中最具价值却长期被忽略了的宝贵遗产之一。＂天机＂本指自然天性,源出《庄子》。其意蕴发展,到王维时代已大有内涵。王维之前或同时代,人们以＂天机＂一词加＂骏利＂＂俊发＂＂畅＂＂精＂等词,言说审美和文学艺术思维活动中的精神状态、灵感才思之情形。王维则以＂清妙＂作为＂天机＂的最佳状态与品质。＂清妙＂是一个意蕴很丰厚且极具审美面向的词语。王维本人极具＂天机清妙＂的资质。