中美俄博弈模式分析:决策层级、动机及过程

以中美俄博弈的决策模式为研究对象,并通过列举中美和中俄两个具有合作性质的博弈案例,进而深入分析中美俄博弈的决策角色、决策动机和决策过程,指出决策角色可分为第一层级、第二层级和辅助层级,而国家利益是最重要的决策动机.为了追求决策效率,三国决策者紧密控制决策过程,防止其他权力部门分享决策权.     

山西省农村初中体育游戏教育应用现状及对策研究——以太原市为例

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,从太原市农村初中体育教师在体育教学中应用体育游戏的情况、学生参加体育游戏的现状、影响体育教师在体育教学中应用体育游戏的因素等方面,对太原市农村初中体育教学中体育游戏应用现状进行调查与分析,并针对存在问题,提出合理建议。     

THE ARCHIVE STATE AND THE FEAR OF POLLUTION: FROM THE OPIUM WARS TO FU-MANCHU

This article considers the relationship between the production of a British imperial archive on China and the global politics of empire over the last century and a half. Drawing upon the theoretical work of Bruno Latour, Gayatri Spivak and Thomas Richards,the archive is explored as a coherent set of material practices designed to decode and recode China and other colonized territories. Imagined as an interface between knowledge and the state, the British archive required the establishment of an epistemological network designed to generate knowledge on China. The knowledge so produced was then used to manipulate local scenes and to provide intelligence in ‘the Great Game’, the continuing contest with Russia over domination in Central Asia. Because of its desire for comprehensive knowledge of other peoples and places, the archive also generated its own phantasms, ones which threatened to undermine and destroy empire. This process of self-haunting is explored through the figure of Fu-Manchu, a discernible mutation of epistemological empire, and linked to the cold war which emerged on the Eurasian landmass after 1945.     

政党“吞噬”民主与民主“抛弃”政党——一项关于西方政党与民主博弈关系的考察论纲

在一定意义上而言,近代西方民主政治的历史就是民主同政党纠结、互动、博弈的历史。一方面民主是政党存在的基础,政党是实现民主的载体;但另一方面,民主与政党又存在着内在的博弈,政党有吞噬、主宰民主之嫌疑,民主也有抛弃、游离政党之趋势。分析二者的互动与博弈,将揭示西方民主政治的内在逻辑机理,也将对政党政治、民主政治的未来有一个较为清晰的审视。     

第二语言习得的互动博弈假说——二语习得理论的哲学思考

就哲学渊源而言,第二语言习得理论包括行为论、认知论和交互论等。文中简要分析这些主要的二语习得理论及其局限之后,运用维果斯基的社会文化理论对二语习得重新进行阐释,认为二语习得是学习者自身心智发展、目的语的社会文化环境、教育者及理论家的协助等诸多因素相互作用的结果。在借用博弈论对二语习得诸多因素间的作用关系进行了简要分析之后,认为二语习得是在这些因素互相博弈的过程中产生发展的。由此在社会文化理论和博弈逻辑思维基础上提出了一种二语习得的互动博弈假说。     

Configuration of flexibility strategies under supply uncertainty

In this paper, we study a buyer׳s configuration of flexibility strategies under supply uncertainty. His main supplier׳s production process is uncertain, and he can either choose pricing flexibility (setting prices depending on the available supply) or operational flexibility (requesting a contingent order from a backup supplier). As the buyer may or may not find a suitable contingent supplier ex post, we study two scenarios that the backup supplier׳s supply is infinite, and that this supply is random. We also include the factor that the main supplier may determine the wholesale price. We demonstrate that the adoption of flexibility strategies is controlled by threshold policies in different scenarios whether the main supplier determines the wholesale price or not. We also investigate how the buyer׳s attribute (finding a suitable contingent supplier) affects the configuration of flexibility strategies.     

Private Labels: Facilitators or Impediments to Supply Chain Coordination

We consider a retailer’s decision of whether to develop an internally produced, private label version of a national brand and the role that this decision plays in coordinating the supply chain. Our model assumes that the perceived quality of the private label is lower than that of the national brand, and we allow for the two products to have different marginal costs. We further allow for a fixed development cost that the retailer must incur to develop private label capability, and distinguish two types of private labels depending upon whether they would or would not be developed as product line extensions by a vertically integrated supply chain. We refer to these two types as first‐best (FB) and non‐first‐best (NFB) product line extensions, respectively. When the private label can be characterized as a NFB product line extension, its development creates adverse cannibalization effects, yet it also helps to mitigate the effects of double marginalization with respect to the national brand. We characterize the conditions under which the retailer will develop private label capability, and distinguish among the conditions under which this is either beneficial or detrimental to the overall performance of the supply chain.     

从自利假设到社会财富的增加

如果经济学理论当中存在公理的话 ,当首推斯密的“经济人”假设 ,即自利假设。经济科学发展到今天 ,仍然没有能够抛弃自利的假定 ;经济实践的发展过程中 ,自利假定不仅引发了对财富变化的思考 ,而且对产权制度的安排亦颇多启发。当基于自利的财富变化不能朝着有利的方向发展时 ,制度的革新就成为必然     

生存的博弈:中国教育的现状分析

由于竞争不断加剧,中国教育背负着过多的责任,陷入生存的博弈之中。中小学生减负问题已走入囚徒困境,文凭热的不断升温已带来了许多问题。从理论上看,只有政府加大宏观调控的力度,改变问题的博弈结构并引导人们树立新的理性,才能使教育走向良性发展的轨道。