基于多属性决策的天然气储量评价方法研究

天然气储量的综合评价一直是天然气开发和利用过程中的关键问题。为此运用组合赋权法对影响天然气储量开发序列的8个主要因素进行分析,并利用实例说明多属性决策方法在天然气储量评价中的有效性,为确定天然气区块开发序列,降低开发风险,提高开发效益提供了有力的依据。     

Optimal design in average for inference in generalized linear models

This paper considers the problem of optimal design for inference in Generalized Linear Models, when prior information about the parameters is available. The general theory of optimum design usually requires knowledge of the parameter values. These are usually unknown and optimal design can, therefore, not be used in practice. However, one way to circumvent this problem is through so-called “optimal design in average”, or shortly, “ave optimal”. The ave optimal design is chosen to minimize the expected value of some criterion function over a prior distribution. We focus our interest on the aveD _A-optimality, including aveD- and avec-optimality and show the appropriate equivalence theorems for these optimality criterions, which give necessary conditions for an optimal design. Ave optimal designs are of interest when e.g. a factorial experiment with a binary or a Poisson response in to be conducted. The results are applied to factorial experiments, including a control group experiment and a 2×2 experiment.     

Multiple Hypotheses Testing with Weights

In this paper we offer a multiplicity of approaches and procedures for multiple testing problems with weights. Some rationale for incorporating weights in multiple hypotheses testing are discussed. Various type-I error-rates and different possible formulations are considered, for both the intersection hypothesis testing and the multiple hypotheses testing problems. An optimal per family weighted error-rate controlling procedure a la Spjotvoll (1972) is obtained. This model serves as a vehicle for demonstrating the different implications of the approaches to weighting. Alternative approach es to that of Holm (1979) for family-wise error-rate control with weights are discussed, one involving an alternative procedure for family-wise error-rate control, and the other involving the control of a weighted family-wise error-rate. Extensions and modifications of the procedures based on Simes (1986) are given. These include a test of the overall intersec tion hypothesis with general weights, and weighted sequentially rejective procedures for testing the individual hypotheses. The false discovery rate controlling approach and procedure of Benjamini & Hochberg (1995) are extended to allow for different weights.     

镍磷合金镀层的摩擦磨损特性及其开发前景

本文分析了化学镀镍磷合金层的摩擦磨损试验结果,研究指出这一表面处理技术具有低的摩擦系数和高的耐磨性及硬度,又因沉积处理温度低而不存在变形,亦不影响零件原来的精度及粗糙度,因此宜于作为零件的最终表面处理。若应用于齿轮,凸轮等高副零件,前景十分乐观。最后从试样的磨损失重中估算出磨损系数和磨损减薄量以供作耐磨性设计的参考。     

Examples of Differing Weighted and Unweighted Estimates from a Sample Survey

Unweighted estimators using data collected in a sample survey can be badly biased, whereas weighted estimators are approximately unbiased for population parameters. We present four examples using data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey to demonstrate that weighted and unweighted estimators can be quite different, and to show the underlying causes of such differences.     

Using adaptively weighted large margin classifiers for robust sufficient dimension reduction

In this paper, we combine adaptively weighted large margin classifiers with Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based dimension reduction methods to create dimension reduction methods robust to the presence of extreme outliers. We discuss estimation and asymptotic properties of the algorithm. The good performance of the new algorithm is demonstrated through simulations and real data analysis.     

Duration analysis in longitudinal studies with intermittent observation times and losses to followup

We consider the analysis of spell durations observed in event history studies where members of the study panel are seen intermittently. Challenges for analysis arise because losses to followup are frequently related to previous event history, and spells typically overlap more than one observation period. We provide methods of estimation based on inverse probability of censoring weighting for parametric and semiparametric Cox regression models. Selection of panel members through a complex survey design is also addressed, and the methods are illustrated in an analysis of jobless spell durations based on data from the Statistics Canada Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 1–21; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada     

清代河州度量衡制钱地亩计算单位及方法

清代河州地区的度量衡、制钱、地亩计算单位及方法与内地并不完全一致,如清代河州地区既使用"仓石"仓斗"仓升",又流行当地的"市石"市斗"市升"。在制钱方面,河州地区也有自己的一套比值,与内地的制钱比值并行不紊。除此之外,清代河州地区地亩计算大多是以下籽量的多少为单位,而不是以"亩"为单位。     

A weighted linear quantile regression

In this article, we introduce a new weighted quantile regression method. Traditionally, the estimation of the parameters involved in quantile regression is obtained by minimizing a loss function based on absolute distances with weights independent of explanatory variables. Specifically, we study a new estimation method using a weighted loss function with the weights associated with explanatory variables so that the performance of the resulting estimation can be improved. In full generality, we derive the asymptotic distribution of the weighted quantile regression estimators for any uniformly bounded positive weight function independent of the response. Two practical weighting schemes are proposed, each for a certain type of data. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out for comparing our proposed methods with the classical approaches. We also demonstrate the proposed methods using two real-life data sets from the literature. Both our simulation study and the results from these examples show that our proposed method outperforms the classical approaches when the relative efficiency is measured by the mean-squared errors of the estimators.     

Extending the Bradley–Terry model for paired comparisons to accommodate weights

In the method of paired comparisons (PCs), treatments are compared on the basis of qualitative characteristics they possess, in the light of their sensory evaluations made by judges. However, there may emerge the situations where in addition to qualitative merits/worths, judges may assign quantitative weights to reflect/specify the relative importance of the treatments. In this study, an attempt is made to reconcile the qualitative and the quantitative PCs through assigning quantitative weights to treatments having qualitative merits using/extending the Bradley–Terry (BT) model. Behaviors of the existing BT model and the proposed weighted BT model are studied through the test of goodness-of-fit. Experimental and simulated data sets are used for illustration.