设计部门如何控制工程造价

当前我国的基本建设和建筑业的预算超概算 .概算超估算的现象十分严重 ,要避免这一现象的发生 ,必须加强设计控制     

制度分析：可持续发展战略的一种研究思路

本文认为,用制度分析的方法研究可持续发展是十分必要的.文章首先分析了其中物的要素与人的要素的若干特点,然后对与可持续发展相关的几种制度类型进行了探讨,最后,指出了可持续发展的制度安排与制度设计中的基本思路和方法.     

EXTERNAL AIDS FOR SOCIAL MEMORY

Collective or social memories are not just a way for accumulating and preserving but also for sharing and developing knowledge. Indeed, as knowledge is made explicit and elaborated by a community, it enriches the local culture and the current practices, becoming a basis for communication and learning. This paper addresses the concept of 'social memory' in a specific 'community of practice': teachers and students of primary schools. The work is developed within HIPS1 (Hyper Interaction within Physical Space), a three-year (1997-2000) research project funded by the European Commission within the I 3 (I-Cube) Programme. HIPS is a hand-held location-aware tourist guide that delivers information related to the surrounding space mainly reacting to the physical movements of visitors (Benelli et al . 1999). The guide is designed to minimize the boundary between the physical space and the related information through a number of situated and contextual-aware interaction mechanisms. In the paper we present a specific application of HIPS as tool to support the creation of a social memory. First, we illustrate the theoretical framework, the cultural psychology (Vygotsky 1978), which we adopted to design the tool as an external aid for social memory. Afterwards we describe the user study and the design process that resulted in the development of an early prototype. The conclusions are a reflection about the use of new technology to open new learning opportunities for students.     

INFORMATION-CENTRED DESIGN: A methodology for designing virtual meeting DESIGN environments

Development of single-user computer applications has often been based on user-centred or task-centred design methodologies, with some success. These methodologies are also useful for guiding the development of multi-user CSCW applications whenever the basic characteristics of the users, or the type of tasks for which the system is being designed are identifiable. The effectiveness of these methodologies as a basis for the design of virtual meeting environments for supporting community-based activities, on the other hand, is rather limited. This is mainly due to the fact that for such systems it is not generally possible to identify the user or task requirements, as these vary considerably from one community to another, or even within the same community over a period of time. New methodologies need to be devised, or existing methodologies have to be modified, to direct the development of virtual environments for which the characteristics of the users or their activities are not known in advance. This paper introduces the concept of information-centred design. Information-centred design, though not fully devised yet, focuses on the identification of the type of information, as well as the way it is collected and utilized by the users of a virtual meeting environment. This pool of information, which plays an important role in facilitating interaction and communication between the members of a community, could be defined as their communal memory.     

机械原理和设计课程设计教学探索与实践

基于产品实现过程的指导思想,结合长期参加机械原理课程设计和机械零件课程设计课指导工作实践的体会,从教学中存在的实际问题出发,进行了一系列的探索和实践。通过教学改革,学生的学习主动性、积极性增强,创新能力、实际设计能力得到了更大提高。课程设计的内容只有进行适当的改革,与工程实际结合更紧密,才能更有利于高校的人才培养。     

城市建设中的环境艺术设计策略研究

现代城市建设越来越脱离人居的局限性,成为重要的人文文化体现和展示地域文化的重要手段.围绕现代城市建设及城市建设中环境艺术设计的重要性,探讨中国现代城市建设中环境艺术设计的不足之处,使传统文化的内涵和艺术观在城市建设中有所体现,使现代城市建设成为新的文化形式和文化认知.     

组织模块化对组织价值创新的影响:基于产品特性调节效应的实证研究

组织模块化所催生的竞合机制与模块整合模式充分彰显了开创价值创新的优越。本文以产品特性为调节变量,对组织模块化与组织价值创新之间的影响机制进行了实证分析。结果显示,在组织模块化过程中,单纯的组织结构构建并不能够带来企业的价值创新,只有制度设计才是组织模块化价值创新的深层诱因;而引入结构构建匹配后,模块化制度设计对组织价值创新的影响更加显著,这在某种程度上说明了产业模块化向组织模块化过度的必然性;在行业表现出产品设计信息的高度依赖性和信息较难写入介质等特性时,组织模块化将难以开展,并由此影响组织价值创新,也进一步明确了模块化的行业适用范畴。     

“新工科”背景下机器人工程专业的课程体系构建探讨

针对机器人工程专业的课程满足不了“新工科”的新产业、新技术人才培养的需求,探讨了以“新工科”为背景的课程体系构建。讨论了课程体系构建的思路与路径,得出了课程体系的框架,为适应“新工科”发展的机器人工程专业课程体系的建设提供了参考依据。