Bridging Temporal and Spatial "Gaps": The role of information and communication technologies in defining communities

The diffusion and use of digitally based information and communication technologies (ICTs) offers the opportunity to redefine and reconceptualize 'community' both in terms of delineating the boundaries of community, as well as the modes of communication used between members. The creation of an electronic infrastructure, the Internet, permits the possibility of widespread public communication that is inexpensive and relatively easy to access. A second consequence builds on the first; the emergence of (virtual) communities based on geographically distributed sources of information production and exchange rather than the geographic proximity of community members to one another. An assessment of three cases of ICT-linked communities suggests that one component of sustainability of these virtual communities of interest may be a geographic linkage. While interests not based on geography are, at least at present, more transitory and less important than those created by the use of the Internet and similar kinds of ICTs. While we may join a virtual community because of an interest we have, unless that interest affects us in our daily lives, in our lives as physically-instantiated and geographically-centred individuals and citizens, there is no good reason to believe that we will long continue an active membership in the virtual community. Indeed, this is precisely what the three case studies presented in this paper suggest.     

石原莞尔的侵华思想述论

石原莞尔不仅是一个狂热的侵华分子 ,还有一套自己加工制造的侵华理论。 (1)“满洲是日本的生命线” ,必须及早占领 ;(2 )不要急于深入华北地区 ,应集中精力经营“满洲”且持之不移 ;(3)尽快建立以日本为盟主的“东亚联盟” ,借以实现对中国的全面控制 ;(4)对中国的战争应坚持持久战。     

Bourdieu,Technique And Technology

This paper examines the place of technology in Pierre Bourdieu's social theory, and argues for the relevance of Bourdieu's thought to the study of technology. In moving from an examination of the status of technology in Bourdieu's work through to his broad approach to social practice and his widely cited concept of habitus, it is argued that technologies are crystalliz­ations of socially organized action. As such, they should be considered not as exceptional or special phenomena in a social theory, but rather as very much like other kinds of social practices that recur over time. Ultimately, through the use of Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, and capital, we are able to overcome the binary divisions such as technology/society and subject/object that have plagued technology studies.     

Appropriate Theorizing about African Women and the Internet

The WomenAction 2000 case data illustrate that the Internet situation among women's organizations in Africa is highly problematic. The women have specific computer network needs - and even among this 'group' the needs vary. They further represent grassroots women who have no access to computer networks. The survey data illustrate that appropriate theorizing on Internet working by women in Africa must address both technological and social issues. It must also integrate gender, North-South, context and other aspects. For this purpose, available approaches are neither complete nor entirely adequate. Together however, they offer enough building blocks to study African women and Internet introduction appropriately. Constructivist technology studies (including gender and technology approaches) offer good starting points for an appropriate model. Nevertheless, constructivism needs additions to support gender empowerment in the South. Critical development studies and the integrative view on global communications offer useful additions to this end.     

Interacting with the State: Feminist Strategies and Political Opportunities

In recent years feminists have been engaged in new debates about gender and the state. Instead of adopting either a purely structural or agential approach, the emphasis in these debates is on the interactive relationship between the two. Feminists in political science have not been immune to this trend. Work is emerging in this field which dissaggregates the state to consider the way different political institutions shape and are shaped by engagement with feminist actors. This article contributes to these efforts by providing a detailed comparative analysis of feminist strategies and political opportunities in two similar political systems - Australia and Canada. A number of key points emerge from this study. First, similar institutions in different countries provide varying opportunities for feminists. As a result, it is not possible to make emphatic claims about certain institutions being more or less beneficial for feminists. Second, feminists respond to these opportunities by adopting certain strategies over others. Through these strategies, feminists can have a direct bearing on the opportunity structure open to them. What the experiences of Canadian and Australian feminists tell us is that the relationship between feminists and political institutions changes over both time and place; that it is interactive and dynamic, rather than predictable and permanent.     

论生态文明建设的理论根基——马克思主义人与自然关系理论

生态文明建设已成为我国当前建设中国特色社会主义的自觉实践。实践的自觉源于理论的自觉。对马克思主义人与自然关系理论的深刻领悟和自觉把握,是我国生态文明建设实践的理论根基。在马克思主义视野中,人与自然是内在同一的,是相互建构的,因而是必须和谐发展的。这就意示着,人在实践过程中必须尊重自然,顺应自然,保护自然,构建生态文明。     

投入产出乘数的韩中比较:以产业关联模型的"一般关系"为中心

以韩国(1998年为准)与中国(1997年为准)的全国产业关联表为基本资料,对于产出物的"投入诱发系数矩阵"进行了新的推导.由此,对投入、雇佣及所得乘数进行了重新定义.本论文就是对乘数进行数量上的推算,进而对韩中两国进行比较与分析.     

创新发展视域下创新创业教育的现实困境与化解路径

创新发展是新时期我国经济、社会、科技及文化发展的重要方式与必然选择。创新发展视域下推动高校创新创业教育是落地创新驱动发展模式的重要手段与举措。当前高校创新创业教育存在认知错位、投入不足、平台不强的现实困境,造成了创新创业教育实践实效欠佳、投入结构不科学、创新成果转化体系缺位等问题。鉴于此,高校应该借助政府、企业及各类社会主体的力量,积极梳理创新创业教育的顶层设计、健全创新创业教育的投入机制、完善创新创业教育的孵化平台,提升高校创新创业教育的实效性与时效性,最终为实现我国建设成为创新驱动型国家贡献力量。     

综论《文选》的编者问题(上)--从文献可信度层面上辨"与刘孝绰等撰"说不能成立

《古今诗人秀句序》的"昭明太子萧统与刘孝绰等撰集《文选》"与《中兴书目》注的昭明太子"与何逊、刘孝绰等撰集"《文选》说,是被学林普遍用以证明《文选》为萧统与刘孝绰等编纂一说最主要的"客观材料",但是这两条"客观材料"是没有从文献可信度层面辨析的。其说难以成立。《文选》只能是昭明太子一己之所撰。