改革后大学英语四、六级考试应试对策

目前 ,大学英语四、六级考试成绩已成为衡量学生英语水平的一个重要标志 ,同时也是用人单位选择优秀毕业生的一个重要的参考依据。“语言测试与教学国际会议”上提出要对大学英语四、六级考试实行改革。改革后的大学英语教学的侧重点应转向培养提高学生的英语应用能力 ,在继续重视“双基”教学的同时加强说和写的训练 ,引导学生 :采用正确的方法 ,扩大词汇量 ;学会运用词典 ,养成良好的学习习惯 ;加强语法训练 ,注重提高读写能力 ;听力训练要有针对性。     

论双关

作为最常用的修辞格之一,双关较早便引起人们的关注,历来对双关辞格的论述也比较多,不过大都集中在双关的定义和分类等问题上。这些方面的论述,与双关辞格在社会语言生活中的使用频率和重要功能相比还显得不够,有必要在继承前人研究成果的基础上作进一步探讨。关于双关辞格修辞功能、生成基础的研究在传统修辞学领域尤显薄弱,而中国传统的文艺理论和哲学、美学观点以及现代语言学的相关理论,为这些研究奠定了理论基础。古代文论中的“谐”与“隐”范畴,现代语言学中的“经济原则”理论,很好地揭示了双关辞格的修辞功能;由儒家“中庸”思想衍生而来的“温柔敦厚”和“微言大义”学说构成了双关辞格生成与发展的哲学和美学基础,自然语言中大量存在的同音和多义语言单位则是双关辞格的语言基础     

从“反传统”到“再造文明”——“五四”现代性方案再认识

在当前关于现代性的讨论中,“五四”现代性方案受到多种责难。人们指责“五四”把传统与现代性对立起来,对传统资源完全漠视和否弃。其实,在“五四”前期,新文化人之所以把传统与现代对立起来,正是基于作为现代性前提的“进步”观念。到“五四”后期,新文化人已对现代性方案作出修改。他们改变全面反传统的思路,主张在综合中西文化的基础上“再造文明”,其中包含着对中国传统资源的珍视和肯定;同时实际致力于传统资源的开发和利用,尽力为现代性建构寻求传统的支持。     

对甲基苯甲醛改性煤沥青的改性机理研究

以对甲基苯甲醛(4-methyl benzaldehyde,简称4-MB)为改性剂,在对甲苯磺酸(PTS)的作用下对煤沥青(Coal Tar Pitch)进行了改性研究。采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)对煤沥青改性机理进行分析;采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察改性后煤沥青的形貌;采用光学显微镜观察改性沥青热解产物的光学结构。实验结果表明,对甲基苯甲醛在酸性催化剂的催化作用下与煤沥青发生亲电取代反应。     

论转型时期劳伦斯与张爱玲的创作共性

劳伦斯与张爱玲同是20世纪初的现实主义作家,他们前期创作的作品是一种特殊类型的文学形态,它是世界文学史上的一个不可回避或轻视的阶段。通过比较研究,我们发现劳伦斯与张爱玲在创作思想、创作风格以及创作语言特色等方面有着共同性。这种现象对重新确立转型时期文学在文学史上的地位、作用具有重要意义。     

Asymptotic power comparison of T2-type test and likelihood ratio test for a mean vector based on two-step monotone missing data

Abstract

In a 2-step monotone missing dataset drawn from a multivariate normal population, T²-type test statistic (similar to Hotelling’s T² test statistic) and likelihood ratio (LR) are often used for the test for a mean vector. In complete data, Hotelling’s T² test and LR test are equivalent, however T²-type test and LR test are not equivalent in the 2-step monotone missing dataset. Then we interest which statistic is reasonable with relation to power. In this paper, we derive asymptotic power function of both statistics under a local alternative and obtain an explicit form for difference in asymptotic power function. Furthermore, under several parameter settings, we compare LR and T²-type test numerically by using difference in empirical power and in asymptotic power function. Summarizing obtained results, we recommend applying LR test for testing a mean vector.     

Youth‐oriented active labour market policies and economic crisis: Explaining policy effort in Greece and Portugal

The starting point of this study is the implementation of seemingly similar youth‐oriented labour market policies in Greece and Portugal. Both countries have suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their labour market as part of the rescue programmes adopted during the European sovereign debt crisis. Despite convergence in terms of policy trajectories, there is a significant divergence in employment outcomes. In Portugal, youth‐oriented policies were better‐targeted and structured. Their implementation has been more effective and has involved the social partners from the outset of the crisis. In Greece, policy design failures, administrative weaknesses and unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have limited the dynamics of youth‐oriented policies thus increasing youth insecurity. Τhe analysis suggests that convergence in policy content can be compatible with divergence in terms of outcomes.     

High-dimensional grouped folded concave penalized estimation via the LLA algorithm

The group folded concave penalization problems have been shown to process the satisfactory oracle property theoretically. However, it remains unknown whether the optimization algorithm for solving the resulting nonconvex problem can find such oracle solution among multiple local solutions. In this paper, we extend the well-known local linear approximation (LLA) algorithm to solve the group folded concave penalization problem for the linear models. We prove that, with the group LASSO estimator as the initial value, the two-step LLA solution converges to the oracle estimator with overwhelming probability, and thus closing the theoretical gap. The results are high-dimensional which allow the group number to grow exponentially, the true relevant groups and the true maximum group size to grow polynomially. Numerical studies are also conducted to show the merits of the LLA procedure.     

Stable feature screening for ultrahigh dimensional data

This paper is concerned with the stable feature screening for the ultrahigh dimensional data. To deal with the ultrahigh dimensional data problem and screen the important features, a set-averaging measurement is proposed. The model averaging technique and the conditional quantile method are used to construct the weighted set-averaging feature screening procedure to identify the relationships between the possible predictors and the response variable. The proposed screening method is model free, stable and possesses the sure screening property under some regular conditions. Some Monte Carlo simulations and a real data application are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed procedure.     

The Fragility of a Nudge: the power of self-set norms to contain a social dilemma

Can self-set normative goals restrain free-riding in a social dilemma? In a first experimental study, we test the effect of two different types of self-set normative goals on people’s willingness to cooperate in a public good game. Focusing on the level of contributions that one can at least be expected to make proves effective at restraining the material incentive to free-ride. Yet in two later studies, with only a minimal change in the wording of the goal, the effect does not replicate. The mental process is still present. But if the overall level of cooperation is higher, the effect is not strong enough to significantly increase contributions. The nudge does not work if the context is too cooperative in the first place.