我国零售行业价格歧视行为的深层分析

价格歧视是零售企业常用的市场竞争手段。价格歧视对市场竞争的影响具有两面性。针对价格歧视影响的两面性。美、欧等市场经济发达国家或地区,从法律上,对市场上各类价格歧视行为予以界定,并对损害市场公平竞争的价格歧视行为给予严格的规制,有效地维护了市场的公平竞争。文章就我国零售市场上出现的各类价格歧视行为进行归纳分析,并根据美、欧等的法律规制实践,就我国零售市场价格歧视行为的规制提出了建议。     

从英语功能角度审视中国英语地位

中国日益成为西方国家关注的对象,让世界了解中国是当今的一个迫切任务。中国是使用英语的超级大国,英语在中国的地位举足轻重。英语与中国文化的结合将成为对外宣传中国文化的有利工具。加之世界各地的英语变体相继出现,中国英语的研究受到了越来越多人的重视。Kachru提出的英语作为第二语言所承担的四种功能为英语在中国的功能研究提供了理论依据。从英语功能角度审视中国英语的地位,能够肯定中国英语可以被看作是一种英语变体,中国英语在Englishes大家族中的地位应该得到承认。     

政府职能转型与社会组织培育:政治嵌入与个案经验的双重路径

政府购买社会组织服务和社会组织培育是政府职能转型的两个重要动力来源。学界目前对于政府如何购买社会组织服务关注较多,而对于如何培育社会组织以及如何解释当前我国社会组织培育的现状缺乏相应的研究。本文运用嵌入性理论,结合地方政府培育社会组织的个案经验,对我国社会组织的培育现状进行了考察和阐释。整体来看,我国社会组织的培育呈现出政治嵌入的特征,这种政治嵌入的方式属于政府职能转型时期对社会组织培育进行控制的一种过渡性路径,其发展的方向是一种宽松的培育路径。     

非媒体信息、非媒体机构与大众传媒的有限功能——兼及一种去媒体中心化的舆论监督观

由于信息类型的多样性与社会分工的多元化,不论是在环境监测还是在舆论监督中,我们都不能对大众媒体寄予太多的期望.对媒体功能的分析不能忽视两个事实:一是媒体只是社会信息传播系统中的一个组成部分,只承担了一部分的信息传播功能;第二,媒体的能力是有限的,它无法呈现全部的信息,其洞察、监督及信息收集与分析能力都有很大的局限性.通过区分媒体信息与非媒体信息、媒体信息机构与非媒体信息机构,我们可以客观地审视其社会功能.正如大众传媒的有限效果一样,大众传媒的功能也是有限的,受其他社会装置的制约.若从舆论监督的角度看,没有其他“非舆论监督”机制或机构的配合,大众传媒的舆论监督必然事倍功半,即便在最为民主的体制下也是如此.     

我国房地产内在发展路径分析

我国经济发展是房地产市场中长期稳中向好的支撑.我国的城镇化发展战略会迎来新一轮有效的住房需求.促进房地产市场的稳定发展,必须把握房地产市场的发展规律,增强政策制定的合理性和科学性,引导房地产开发商和消费者的理性行为.     

Housing price, elderly dependency and fertility behaviour

Sustaining declines in fertility have increasingly become an alarming issue in most of the world economies. Many governments have been making enormous efforts to alleviate such intertwined problems as falling fertility and soaring elderly dependency. What really makes fertility rates fall? Does housing price have a role (as many argue)? Most researchers addressed this issue from a demographic perspective, but have yet to fully unravel the mystery of human fertility behaviour. The paper aims to investigate the novel linkages between birth rate, housing price and elderly dependency, with the case of Hong Kong. It employs two key methods: (i) the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to co-integration procedure and (ii) Granger causality, to disentangle the complicated relationships, long-run and short-run. The empirical results show that a 1 percent increase in housing prices and elderly leads to 0.52% and 1.65% decreases in birth rate respectively. Besides, both housing price and elderly dependency Granger cause birth rate in the long-run. Our findings not only shed light on fertility behaviour, but also provide implications for policy change. That is particularly relevant to those economies whose low fertility situations need to be ameliorated.     

2011年上海住房价格指数研究报告

2012年房地产调控政策已明确定调,“促进房价合理回归”为2012年楼市调控目标,“巩固房地产市场调控成果”为2012年楼市调控主题。上海将贯彻落实中央关于加强房地产调控的政策措施,“实现全年新建住房价格稳中有降”。调控目标的实现须以准确把握市场价格走势为前提,基于2011年上海住房价格指数趋势,未来房地产市场调控政策的调整应强化差别化政策：一是明确并加强对“刚需”的支持,尤其是差别化金融支持;二是对现有的调控政策合理评估,根据市场情况,适时调整政策执行力度。     

Some properties of discrete bathtub-shaped distributions

The existence and the usefulness of discrete bathtub-shaped and upside down bathtub-shaped distributions have been demonstrated in some papers of recent origin. However, the general properties of these two classes of distributions do not seem to have been discussed. This article proposes to study some reliability properties of such distributions. We investigate the closure properties with reference to convolution, mixing, series and parallel systems, etc. and existence of bounds on reliability functions, moment properties, and convergence.     

Enhancing Estimation for Interest Rate Diffusion Models With Bond Prices

We consider improving estimating parameters of diffusion processes for interest rates by incorporating information in bond prices. This is designed to improve the estimation of the drift parameters, which are known to be subject to large estimation errors. It is shown that having the bond prices together with the short rates leads to more efficient estimation of all parameters for the interest rate models. It enhances the estimation efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimation based on the interest rate dynamics alone. The combined estimation based on the bond prices and the interest rate dynamics can also provide inference to the risk premium parameter. Simulation experiments were conducted to confirm the theoretical properties of the estimators concerned. We analyze the overnight Fed fund rates together with the U.S. Treasury bond prices. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Exact distribution of a modified Behrens–Fisher statistic

The exact distribution of a modified Behrens–Fisher statistic is derived. The distribution function is mostly elementary and is simpler than the exact distribution derived by Nel et al. Its practical use (including computationalefficiency and computational convenience) is discussed.