A New Lens on High School Dropout: Use of Correspondence Analysis and the Statewide Longitudinal Data System

The combination of log-linear models and correspondence analysis have long been used to decompose contingency tables and aid in their interpretation. Until now, this approach has not been applied to the education Statewide Longitudinal Data System (SLDS), which contains administrative school data at the student level. While some research has been conducted using the SLDS, its primary use is for state education administrative reporting. This article uses the combination of log-linear models and correspondence analysis to gain insight into high school dropouts in two discrete regions in Kentucky, Appalachia and non-Appalachia, defined by the American Community Survey. The individual student records from the SLDS were categorized into one of the two regions and a log-linear model was used to identify the interactions between the demographic characteristics and the dropout categories, push-out and pull-out. Correspondence analysis was then used to visualize the interactions with the expanded push-out categories, boredom, course selection, expulsion, failing grade, teacher conflict, and pull-out categories, employment, family problems, illness, marriage, and pregnancy to provide insights into the regional differences. In this article, we demonstrate that correspondence analysis can extend the insights gained from SDLS data and provide new perspectives on dropouts. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

"理论热"的消退与文学理论研究的出路

持续多年的“西方文论热”使国内人文学界实现了与20世纪60年代以后国际学术的接轨。至少取得三方面的收获:认识范式的转型、认识假设的改变和认识(批评)方法的更新。然而,随着这一理论热以及后来又时兴了一阵的文化研究热的消退,国内文论研究目前已陷入一个备受冷落的困境。在西方,“理论热”因自身的原因同样消退了,但理论界并不因此而寂寞,他们正在对过去20多年的“理论热”进行反思。我们的理论研究也应该进入一个更为成熟的阶段,应该摆脱别人提问、而我们跟在后面进行思考那样一个蹒跚学步的阶段。我们或可作出三个选择:返回经典,深化实践,该放手则放手。唯其如此,方可把我们的文论研究推向一个新的、更高的层次。     

高维稀疏数据对象—属性的非关联子空间分析

针对高维稀疏数据对象-属性子空间的优化问题,本文从稀疏性的角度提出了RUSAUBSC算法,通过剔除非关联子空间实现子空间的优化,并通过实验研究证明了该算法的有效性。     

在生态学视角下构建企业能力发展模型

将企业能力的研究放在组织生态学视角下,可以从生命体的角度研究基于能力建设的企业发展过程,为企业管理的理论与实践提供新的思路。从基本概念的定义出发,将能力作为企业管理的基本范畴,采用建立模型的方法,构造基于能力建设的企业动态发展模型,运用综合分析,对能力的构成及能力之间的关系加以说明。企业资源可简约为人力、时间、资金、技术技能四种。相对应的推动企业发展的能力分为人力资源能力、专业化能力、规模化能力及核心专长能力。四种能力在能力的流程性维度、结构性维度、知识要权力维度和意义维度的展开,可以为现有的管理理论提供     

中国省会城市人口密度对人才集聚的影响研究

随着城市人口规模的扩大和人口密度的提高,城市的经济集聚效应和拥挤效应日益增大。虽然新增人才与普通劳动力产生的拥挤效应相同,但人才具有更高的人力资本和劳动生产率,对城市经济长远发展和在未来城市体系中的位置具有决定性作用,吸引人才集聚成为城市竞争的新焦点。除了拥挤效应外,城市人口密度提升有利于城市内部的知识溢出和工资增长,满足人才的发展需求和预期收入需求,从而促进人才向城市集聚。考虑直辖市和省会城市是全国和区域人口集聚的中心,存在着经济集聚效应和拥挤效应,以中国2003年至2015年30个省会城市(含直辖市)为样本进行实证检验。静态和动态面板数据模型实证结果均表明城市人口密度对人才集聚具有显著的正向促进作用,这意味着当前中国主要城市的经济集聚效应大于拥挤效应,城市的人口密度并未过度稠密,进一步提高城市人口密度有利于人才向城市流动集聚。考虑人才对城市的知识溢出和工资比拥挤效应更加敏感,不同的知识溢出和工资水平条件下,城市人口密度对人才集聚存在着影响差异,门限面板数据模型实证结果显示存在三个区制,分别对应于城市发展的起飞、爬坡和成熟三个阶段,受城市经济集聚效应与拥挤效应相对动态变化的影响,城市...     

Rethinking Risk Assessment for Public Utility Safety Regulation

To aid in their safety oversight of large‐scale, potentially dangerous energy and water infrastructure and transportation systems, public utility regulatory agencies increasingly seek to use formal risk assessment models. Yet some of the approaches to risk assessment used by utilities and their regulators may be less useful for this purpose than is supposed. These approaches often do not reflect the current state of the art in risk assessment strategy and methodology. This essay explores why utilities and regulatory agencies might embrace risk assessment techniques that do not sufficiently assess organizational and managerial factors as drivers of risk, nor that adequately represent important uncertainties surrounding risk calculations. Further, it describes why, in the special legal, political, and administrative world of the typical public utility regulator, strategies to identify and mitigate formally specified risks might actually diverge from the regulatory promotion of “safety.” Some improvements are suggested that can be made in risk assessment approaches to support more fully the safety oversight objectives of public regulatory agencies, with examples from “high‐reliability organizations” (HROs) that have successfully merged the management of safety with the management of risk. Finally, given the limitations of their current risk assessments and the lessons from HROs, four specific assurances are suggested that regulatory agencies should seek for themselves and the public as objectives in their safety oversight of public utilities.     

椭圆气缸内燃机的稳流试验及其性能预测

本次稳流试验用来预测新颖的椭圆气缸往复式内燃机的性能。实测数据和分析结果表明,椭圆截面气缸内燃机此起等容积正圆截面气缸内燃机,增大了进、排气门,从而提高了充气效率;或在充气效率不减的条件下,大幅度提高转速或增压,以实现发动机的高强化。     

领导高绩效期望的双面性:趋近-回避理论视角

传统观点认为,领导高绩效期望通常是激励下属、提升任务绩效的重要手段。本研究拓展了这一观点,认为领导高绩效期望的激励作用主要适用于绩效趋近目标导向这类员工;然而,对于绩效回避目标导向的员工,领导高绩效期望则会引发员工的回避行为,从而对任务绩效产生消极影响。鉴于此,本研究基于趋近-回避理论,建构了一个被调节的双中介模型来诠释领导高绩效期望的双刃剑效应。对221份三时间点的领导-员工配对数据进行路径分析,数据结果支持了本研究的设想。具体而言,对于绩效趋近目标导向的员工,领导高绩效期望会激发员工工作努力,进而提升员工任务绩效(趋近路径);对于绩效回避目标导向的员工,领导高绩效期望会导致员工回避领导,进而降低员工任务绩效(回避路径)。上述结果细化了学界对高绩效期望作用效果的认识,并对管理者实践中如何正确地传达高绩效期望有一定启示。     

Women’s experiences of care and support following perinatal death in high burden countries: A metasynthesis

ProblemThe experiences of women in low and middle-income countries following perinatal death remains difficult and challenging, thereby increasing their susceptibility to negative psychological impact particularly with insufficient bereavement care and support.BackgroundPerinatal death invariably brings intense grief which significantly impacts women, and requires adequate bereavement care to limit negative outcomes in the short and long-term.AimTo develop deeper understanding of women’s experience of care and support following perinatal death in high burden settings.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched with relevant terms established using the SPIDER tool, supplemented by hand search of reference lists. Studies were independently screened for inclusion by all authors. Meta-ethnography (Noblit and Hare,1988) was used to synthesise existing qualitative studies.FindingsEight studies conducted in Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries namely South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Kenya, India and Malawi were included, and three main themes were identified; mothers’ reaction to their baby’s death, care and support after perinatal death, and coping strategies in the absence of care and support. Perinatal death was not appropriately acknowledged therefore care and support was inadequate and, in some cases, non-existent. Consequently, mothers resorted to adopting coping strategies as they were unable to express their grief.DiscussionThere is insufficient care and support for women following perinatal death in high burden settings.ConclusionsFurther research is required into the care and support being given by healthcare professionals and families in high burden settings, thereby ultimately aiding the development of guidance on perinatal bereavement care.