当代文学史写作:方法、可能与限度--以洪子诚著《中国当代文学史》为中心

<中国当代文学史>作为"重写文学史"的重要成果,有着重大的学术价值和独立的学术品格.但它作为"历史中间物"也有着缺陷和不足在叙史过程中,"当代文学"的内涵从"话语形成"到"自然时空"的转换,使其"下编"止于浮泛评述;以"一体化"的实现和解体作为叙史情节结构和文学史观,既显示出史识的洞见,又对复杂的文学情境造成了一定的遮蔽.     

Optimal choice of sample fraction in univariate financial tail index estimation

This study introduces a technique to estimate the Pareto distribution of the stock exchange index by using the maximum-likelihood Hill estimator. Recursive procedures based on the goodness-of-fit statistics are used to determine the optimal threshold fraction of extreme values to be included in tail estimation. These procedures are applied to three indices in the Malaysian stock market which included the consideration of a drastic economic event such as the Asian financial crisis. The empirical results evidenced alternating varying behavior of heavy-tailed distributions in the regimes for both upper and lower tails.     

Robust estimation for ordinal regression

Ordinal regression is used for modelling an ordinal response variable as a function of some explanatory variables. The classical technique for estimating the unknown parameters of this model is Maximum Likelihood (ML). The lack of robustness of this estimator is formally shown by deriving its breakdown point and its influence function. To robustify the procedure, a weighting step is added to the Maximum Likelihood estimator, yielding an estimator with bounded influence function. We also show that the loss in efficiency due to the weighting step remains limited. A diagnostic plot based on the Weighted Maximum Likelihood estimator allows to detect outliers of different types in a single plot.     

考论梁松在历史上对常德地方的贡献

东汉梁松在马援征“五溪蛮”后 ,奉光武之命来武陵善后。他选定今常德城区修建新的武陵郡城 ,实为常德城建之父 ,使常德成为沅澧的政治、经济中心 ;新设沅南县于今桃源西南部 ,以控扼“五溪”咽喉 ,护卫常德人民居住区的安全 ;在“五溪”地区调整民族政策 ,缓和武陵郡内的民族关系 ,从而给常德带来了近百年的和平发展时期     

论《二马》中的"陌生化"技巧

老舍在旅英期间写成的域外小说《二马》,讲述了来自"文明古国"的中国人在英国的一段饶有意味的生活故事。本文拟用俄国形式主义的"陌生化"理论对老舍的《二马》进行解读,认为在《二马》中,老舍对小说的语言、故事情节和叙事结构等进行了"陌生化"处理,从而使作品呈现出新奇陌生的艺术效果。     

论生态小区的规划设计和生态住宅的建设

生态小区是通过调整人居环境生态系统，使小区成为具有自然生态和人类生态、自然环境和人工环境、物质文明和精神文明高度统一、可持续发展的理想城市住区。生态小区空间结构合理、基础设施完善，生态建筑、智能建筑和生命建筑广泛应用，人工环境与自然环境融合。它与城市规划和区域规划相统一，与区域和城市融洽，是生态城市的一部分，体现了所在城市的风貌和特质。     

桔枳之辩——论亚里士多德《诗学》情节观对现代的借鉴意义

从<淮南子>中的"桔枳之说"为论述的起点,以桔枳之分的角度厘清了亚里士多德<诗学>情节观与现代叙事情节观的差异;从桔枳之转的关系指出了亚氏<诗学>情节观的当代转型途径;从桔枳之辩的认识总结了亚氏<诗学>情节观的当代借鉴意义.     

“生活流”与“意识流”——对新时期小说文体特征的研究

我国新时期小说创作呈现出两种新的独立的文学叙述方式与结构方式,一种是“意识流”,一种是“生活流”。“意识流”遵守的不一定是线性的“顺序”时间,它常常是跳跃的、逆时的、散乱的、交叉性的,打破了因果论、逻辑阐释的时空基础,是对人心灵隐秘的一种原生状态的如实呈现。由于意识形态的原因,我国的“意识流”创作被单纯地看做一种技巧而浅尝辄止,没有深入发展。所谓“生活流”小说创作同样是在结构原则上疏解“情节结构”对世界武断、封闭的阐释,以纪实的态度,还原生活本相,破解单一观念对世界的注释,以开放性的文本提供解读世界的多种可能。但是,在“生活流”小说创作中,由于知识分子放弃了干预生活的努力,从积极的人文立场上退却,一种极端世俗主义、物质主义和功利主义的精神倾向在滋生蔓延、膨胀,足以引起人们的警惕。     

醉里乾坤大 壶中日月长——《水浒传》饮酒描写的文化阐释

《水浒传》的饮酒描写溶入了整个社会的饮食文化之中,并带动整个故事的方方面面,既有利于人物形象的塑造,又加剧了小说的冲突与矛盾,使故事情节既扣人心弦又妙趣横生。《水浒传》以酒始,以酒终。英雄好汉、平民百姓的饮酒行为,众口流传,形成了独特的酒文化。     

A case–control study relating railroad worker mortality to diesel exhaust exposure using a threshold regression model

A case–control study of lung cancer mortality in U.S. railroad workers in jobs with and without diesel exhaust exposure is reanalyzed using a new threshold regression methodology. The study included 1256 workers who died of lung cancer and 2385 controls who died primarily of circulatory system diseases. Diesel exhaust exposure was assessed using railroad job history from the US Railroad Retirement Board and an industrial hygiene survey. Smoking habits were available from next-of-kin and potential asbestos exposure was assessed by job history review. The new analysis reassesses lung cancer mortality and examines circulatory system disease mortality. Jobs with regular exposure to diesel exhaust had a survival pattern characterized by an initial delay in mortality, followed by a rapid deterioration of health prior to death. The pattern is seen in subjects dying of lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, and other causes. The unique pattern is illustrated using a new type of Kaplan–Meier survival plot in which the time scale represents a measure of disease progression rather than calendar time. The disease progression scale accounts for a healthy-worker effect when describing the effects of cumulative exposures on mortality.