论中国古代文学的桑意象

在中国古代 ,桑与人们的物质文化生活密切相关 ,因而桑意象频频出现 ,不仅产生了“桑中之约”的风习 ,而且形成了采桑女故事情节和圣贤“生于空桑”两种主题模式 ,并赋予桑意象多重文化象征意蕴。文章拟对两种桑意象主题模式做出深层次的阐释 ,意在揭示出桑意象丰厚的文化内涵。     

教学情境设计的若干策略

课堂教学情境是师生之间自然的感情交流，结合教学实践，从创设故事性问题情境、生活．性问题情境、趣味性问题情境、实验性问题情境四个方面，探讨了设计教学情境的若干策略。     

Hindsight is 20/20: Reflections on the evolution of concept mapping

This paper considers the origins and development of the concept mapping methodology, a summary of its growth, and its influence in a variety of fields. From initial discussions with graduate students, through the rise of the theory-driven approach to program evaluation and the development of a theoretical framework for conceptualization methodology, the paper highlights some of the key early efforts and pilot projects that culminated in a 1989 special issue on the method in Evaluation and Program Planning that brought the method to the attention of the field of evaluation. The paper details the thinking that led to the standard version of the method (the analytic sequence, “bridging” index, and pattern matching) and the development of the software for accomplishing it. A bibliometric analysis shows that the rate of citation continues to increase, where it has grown geographically and institutionally, that the method has been used in a wide variety of disciplines and specialties, and that the literature had an influence on the field. The article concludes with a critical appraisal of some of the key aspects of the approach that warrant further development.     

Reversed hazard rate order of equilibrium distributions and a related aging notion

This paper deals with preservation of the reversed hazard rate order between equilibrium random variables under formations of some reliability structures. We further investigate a new aging notion based upon the reversed hazard rate order between a random life and its equilibrium version. A nonparametric method is developed to test the exponentiality against such a strict aging property, some numerical results are presented as well. This research was supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talent in University, China.     

丘陵经济发展的主要因素分析

丘陵地区在我国地域经济中占有重要的一席之地,本文以三台县为例,通过对影响丘区农村经济发展的几个主要因素——耕地、劳力、物质投入等的分析,得出了如下结论:从耕地经营转向非耕地的开发利用;实行劳力的合理配置与转移;增加物资投入。总之,丘陵地区的农业发展在于走生态农业之路。     

风筝牵扯出的情思－－评鲁迅散文诗《风筝》

《风筝》为鲁迅《野草》中重要篇目 ,反映出作者当时既向往“春天” ,又感到无可把握的复杂情感 ,以“风筝”为描述对象 ,形成了精奇独特的艺术构思 ,抒情性是诗歌语言的主要特点     

《芙蓉亭乐府》写作时间考

对于岭南文人黎简的<芙蓉亭乐府>的写作时间,学术界历来有三种看法,而以苏文擢先生的26岁说最为权威.通过综合考察黎简的经历及其诗歌创作,得出<芙蓉亭乐府>当写于黎简20岁时的结论,从而加深对黎简的认识,借此修正苏文擢先生所著<黎简先生年谱>之纰误.     

Variations of Q–Q Plots: The Power of Our Eyes!

In statistical modeling, we strive to specify models that resemble data collected in studies or observed from processes. Consequently, distributional specification and parameter estimation are central to parametric models. Graphical procedures, such as the quantile–quantile (Q–Q) plot, are arguably the most widely used method of distributional assessment, though critics find their interpretation to be overly subjective. Formal goodness of fit tests are available and are quite powerful, but only indicate whether there is a lack of fit, not why there is lack of fit. In this article, we explore the use of the lineup protocol to inject rigor into graphical distributional assessment and compare its power to that of formal distributional tests. We find that lineup tests are considerably more powerful than traditional tests of normality. A further investigation into the design of Q–Q plots shows that de-trended Q–Q plots are more powerful than the standard approach as long as the plot preserves distances in x and y to be the same. While we focus on diagnosing nonnormality, our approach is general and can be directly extended to the assessment of other distributions.     

Weighing Evidence “Steampunk” Style via the Meta-Analyser

The funnel plot is a graphical visualization of summary data estimates from a meta-analysis, and is a useful tool for detecting departures from the standard modeling assumptions. Although perhaps not widely appreciated, a simple extension of the funnel plot can help to facilitate an intuitive interpretation of the mathematics underlying a meta-analysis at a more fundamental level, by equating it to determining the center of mass of a physical system. We used this analogy to explain the concepts of weighing evidence and of biased evidence to a young audience at the Cambridge Science Festival, without recourse to precise definitions or statistical formulas and with a little help from Sherlock Holmes! Following on from the science fair, we have developed an interactive web-application (named the Meta-Analyser) to bring these ideas to a wider audience. We envisage that our application will be a useful tool for researchers when interpreting their data. First, to facilitate a simple understanding of fixed and random effects modeling approaches; second, to assess the importance of outliers; and third, to show the impact of adjusting for small study bias. This final aim is realized by introducing a novel graphical interpretation of the well-known method of Egger regression.