On Graphing Paired Data

Techniques for graphing paired data are considered. A conventional method frequently used when reporting scientific results, particularly in medical journals, involves representing pairs of measurements by straight line segments titled at different angles related to the differences between the components of the data pairs. However when the sample size is only moderately large, this type of display can become cluttered and thus uninformative due to overlap. It is suggested that a new graph that combines features of ANOVA plots and multivalued dot charts may provide a more effective visual display of paired data. A designed experiment in data perception using simulated data provides some evidence in favor of this parallel line plot.     

张家山汉简所反映的适用刑罚原则

关于汉代适用刑罚的情况 ,史籍仅有零星的记载 ,张家山汉简《二年律令》、《奏谳书》所见则较系统地反映了汉初适用刑罚的若干原则 :以罪刑相应、维护特权为基础 ,实行故意从重、过失从轻、严惩团伙、重判再犯、从严治吏、宽宥老幼、自出减刑、立功赎罪、诬告反坐、故纵同罪、重科不孝等原则。罪刑相应、维护特权的原则具有鲜明的阶级性与可衡量性 ,其中既包含罪刑法定的因素 ,依法律条款定罪 ,注重犯罪动机、犯罪形态及危害结果 ,严格区分已遂与未遂 ;又存在收孥连坐、维护特权的规定 ,表明其罪刑相应只是相对、不彻底的。维护特权主要表现在贵族、官员、有爵者可在一定条件下减、免刑罚     

O.Henry's Unique Artistic Style

欧·亨利是美国享有盛誉的短篇小说大师,他与法国的莫泊桑、俄国的契柯夫被称为“世界三大短篇小说家”。在以描写纽约曼哈区市民生活为主的作品集《四百万》中,作者歌颂了小人物的善良友爱,揭露、鞭挞了“大亨”的贪婪、狡狯,他的作品构思奇巧,文字简练形象,语调幽默风趣,善于捕捉生活中令人啼笑皆非的戏剧性场面来塑造故事,且创造了悬念突变的“欧·亨利式结尾”,具有独特的艺术风格。     

Child Rights Practice among the Indigenous Communities in Bangladesh

The objective of this article was to explore the practice of child rights among the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. We used a mixed method approach to collect data from four ethnic communities in the Bandarban District of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. We questioned children, parents, community members, local leaders, and service providers of those communities on a number of child rights issues, for example, child education, child labor, child recreation and culture, parents' guidance to children for capacity development, and access to child rights at home and in the community according to Convention on the Rights of the Child treaty. The results showed that while the community was aware of child rights, financial vulnerability and a lack of social support meant that these rights could not be upheld in practice. The paper urges improvement of social support, including income generation activities for indigenous communities.     

Supplier Evaluation and Selection Based on Stochastic Dominance: A Quality-Based Approach

Quality has become a major business strategy such that organizations with successful improvement of their products quality can gain productivity, enhance market penetration, achieve great profitability, and strongly sustain their competitive advantages. The quality of materials received from suppliers determines not only the quality of assembled products but also satisfaction and loyalty of downstream customers. In this article, we employ decision-making processes of the stochastic dominance on the basis of loss-based capability indices to compare certain potential suppliers. In view of compared results of the first-order and second-order stochastic dominances, each supplier is categorized as a superior supplier, weakly superior supplier, strongly non dominated supplier, or non dominated supplier. We develop a general computational procedure to select the preferable suppliers in an analytical way. To assist decision-makers in selecting preferable suppliers, quantile-quantile plots of loss-based capability indices presenting the results of the first-order stochastic dominance of the indices’ estimators are developed so that they can simultaneously visualize pair-wise comparisons of the suppliers and make appropriate decisions. Finally, a practical example invoking the stochastic dominance using the loss-based capability indices to carry out the quality-based supplier evaluation and selection is presented to demonstrate the applicability of our proposed methodology.     

Estimating infant mortality in Colombia: some overdispersion modelling approaches

It is common to fit generalized linear models with binomial and Poisson responses, where the data show a variability that is greater than the theoretical variability assumed by the model. This phenomenon, known as overdispersion, may spoil inferences about the model by considering significant parameters associated with variables that have no significant effect on the dependent variable. This paper explains some methods to detect overdispersion and presents and evaluates three well-known methodologies that have shown their usefulness in correcting this problem, using random mean models, quasi-likelihood methods and a double exponential family. In addition, it proposes some new Bayesian model extensions that have proved their usefulness in correcting the overdispersion problem. Finally, using the information provided by the National Demographic and Health Survey 2005, the departmental factors that have an influence on the mortality of children under 5 years and female postnatal period screening are determined. Based on the results, extensions that generalize some of the aforementioned models are also proposed, and their use is motivated by the data set under study. The results conclude that the proposed overdispersion models provide a better statistical fit of the data.     

论《暗算》——“茅盾文学奖”获奖作品丛论之一

《暗算》是麦家长篇小说的代表作,包括《序曲》、《听风者》、《看风者》、《捕风者》四部分,获第7届茅盾文学奖。小说描写了阿炳、黄依依、陈二湖、韦夫、林英等人的故事,反映了＂听风＂的艰辛,＂看风＂的残酷,＂捕风＂的危险,展现了在看不见的战线上一群特殊人的特殊生活,歌颂了那些为国家安全事业而默默奉献的无名英雄及其坚定、高贵的人生信念;同时也表现了作者对命运无常、＂性＂与生死等人类的基本问题的独特思考。小说塑造了阿炳等个性鲜明、内涵丰富的人物形象,结构别具一格,语言口语化、哲理化,＂高强度＂地运用了对比的手法,情节跌宕起伏,叙事方式精妙。     

匡山书院与“南宫义举”的由来与价值

泰和县地处吉泰盆地核心区,自古以来是粮食农业发达之区,为发展文化事业奠定了坚实的经济基础。朝廷科举与民办书院相互为用,促进文化教育逐步发展。南唐时期罗韬在家乡创办匡山书院,开风气之先。南宋中期泰和县人士率先实施“南宫义举”,在社会上树立了一个榜样,是社会文教事业的大进步。泰和“南宫义举”的首创地位,依史有据,无可怀疑。“义举（约）”形式的赞助发展为设立“贡士庄”,为扶贫而起的襄助进而对全体赴考者的资助,改自费赴考为官费赴考,是文教制度上的完善,对发展书院教育与维持科举事业有积极效益。     

《女人的肖像》之悲剧情节审美

《女人的肖像》是亨利.詹姆斯的代表作之一。依托古希腊学者亚里士多德的悲剧理论中有关情节设计的描述,挖掘《女人的肖像》情节构思中的传统元素及其对文本主题意义建构的作用,以此管窥亨利.詹姆斯小说对古典戏剧创作理论的继承和发展。