《三国演义》中“七复情节”的运用及其美学意义

数字"七"的数理扎根于传统思想和文化的土壤而蕴涵了华夏民族独特的文学精神和文化心理,依托"七"的数理而形成的"七复情节",不仅含蓄地表现了作者构思收服孟获这一故事的思想倾向,而且通过此故事,读者可以管窥作者建构小说的整体思想取向,并且"七的数理机制"本身所包含的美学意义也大大提升了小说的审美价值。     

金圣叹小说美学体系述论

金圣叹对小说美学的发展是全面的,围绕小说本体论、创作论、人物论、情节论等诸多方面深入开拓,大胆援佛理论文理,运用辩证法认识论的观点与方法,提出一系列新的美学命题,从而构成完整的美学体系,推动中国小说美学走向新的高峰.     

论清代“红楼戏”对原著情节内容的取舍

在我国古代,小说对戏剧的影响是显而易见的.明清时期,以<三国演义><水浒传><西游记><红楼梦>等小说中的故事为依据而创作的传奇、杂剧,便成为其时剧坛上的主要剧目.然而,戏曲改编小说并非易事,它首先面临的一个问题就是戏曲演出时间与小说叙事时间上的巨大差异,小说所容纳的故事长度是戏曲很难达到的,这就需要剧作者在根据小说进行再创作时,对原有题材能够做到有目的取舍.清代"红楼戏"改编<红楼梦>小说,对原著的情节内容主要采取了"由人入手"和"由事入手"这两种取舍方式,本文就围绕这一问题来作一粗浅的探讨.     

The robustness of response surface designs with errors in factor levels

ABSRTACT

Since errors in factor levels affect the traditional statistical properties of response surface designs, an important question to consider is robustness of design to errors. However, when the actual design could be observed in the experimental settings, its optimality and prediction are of interest. Various numerical and graphical methods are useful tools for understanding the behavior of the designs. The D- and G-efficiencies and the fraction of design space plot are adapted to assess second-order response surface designs where the predictor variables are disturbed by a random error. Our study shows that the D-efficiencies of the competing designs are considerably low for big variance of the error, while the G-efficiencies are quite good. Fraction of design space plots display the distribution of the scaled prediction variance through the design space with and without errors in factor levels. The robustness of experimental designs against factor errors is explored through comparative study. The construction and use of the D- and G-efficiencies and the fraction of design space plots are demonstrated with several examples of different designs with errors.     

The stalactite plot for the detection of multivariate outliers

Detection of multiple outliers in multivariate data using Mahalanobis distances requires robust estimates of the means and covariance of the data. We obtain this by sequential construction of an outlier free subset of the data, starting from a small random subset. The stalactite plot provides a cogent summary of suspected outliers as the subset size increases. The dependence on subset size can be virtually removed by a simulation-based normalization. Combined with probability plots and resampling procedures, the stalactite plot, particularly in its normalized form, leads to identification of multivariate outliers, even in the presence of appreciable masking.     

Corporate support mechanisms for families: An exploratory study and agenda for research and evaluation

Based on telephone interviews with representatives from 16 corporations in the Baltimore-Washington area, this article explores the awareness of corporate officers of the linkages between work and family systems, their perceived responsibility for implementing policies and services that lend support to the family circumstances of employees, and the types of actions they had initiated in their corporations to help employees better balance work and family demands. Study results demonstrate limited awareness among corporate officers toward the work and family interface, employer uncertainty about corporate responsibilities for the family situation and demands of employees, and limited corporate development of family-oriented policies and services. These results are discussed in the context of recent federal initiatives to encourage greater corporate response to the family circumstances of employees. Implications are suggested for further research and evaluation.     

《夷坚志》与小说《西游记》--也论孙悟空的原型

小说史的撰述对<夷坚志>的地位及重要性过于低估,它的小说题材除了为"三言两拍"等话本所取外,还直接影响到了明代白话长篇小说的创作,尤以<西游记>中孙悟空的人物形象最为显著.<猴将军>中的妖猴是孙悟空的原型之一.<夷坚志>中众多小说都可能在具体情节上影响到<西游记>的成书过程.     

新闻言论散论

新闻言论写作要有感而发,要有自己的见解,要巧妙构思,要简炼,可以恰当用典.     

On tail index estimation based on multivariate data

This article is devoted to the study of tail index estimation based on i.i.d. multivariate observations, drawn from a standard heavy-tailed distribution, that is, of which Pareto-like marginals share the same tail index. A multivariate central limit theorem for a random vector, whose components correspond to (possibly dependent) Hill estimators of the common tail index α, is established under mild conditions. We introduce the concept of (standard) heavy-tailed random vector of tail index α and show how this limit result can be used in order to build an estimator of α with small asymptotic mean squared error, through a proper convex linear combination of the coordinates. Beyond asymptotic results, simulation experiments illustrating the relevance of the approach promoted are also presented.     

浅谈虚静的静中之“动”

本文从心理学角度探讨了中国古代文论中虚静的内在活动机制对创作的重要作用。作者认为，虚静中有深层心理活动，外“静”(理性抑制)为内“动”(无意识兴奋)提供了心理空间，并导致“动”的产生，引起个人无意识、集体无意识的活跃，为构思创作既带上个人风格，又具有共性奠定基础。另外，通过虚静与醉、梦的比较，进一步分析了虚静的动态心理特征。