我国城乡居民消费行为差异研究

本文使用1978-2014年我国居民消费数据,研究城乡居民的消费总量、收支结构、平均消费倾向、边际消费倾向和恩格尔系数等差异,并选取31个省市的面板数据构建城乡消费模型进行分析。结果表明：①城乡居民消费行为可分三个阶段,城乡差距经历两个轮回,现在第二轮扩张期。②相对而言,农村居民收入低消费率高支出结构固化,对物价变动有滞后性和拖尾性,近期在城镇居民平均消费倾向持续走低时平稳走高。③城镇居民自发消费与边际消费倾向大致呈反比,同一城市的城乡居民自发消费与边际消费倾向相关性不强。文章建议,降低城乡交通通信类支出,扩大城乡家庭设备及用品类市场和农村文教娱乐类市场,提高农村居民健康及医疗保障水平。     

TRAVELLING PEOPLE,TRAVELLING OBJECTS

The paper introduces the essays on consumption, shopping tourism and informal trade in socialism, by presenting the framework of the research project in which they were produced. As opposed to tourists' shopping, shopping tourism is defined as travel abroad with the explicit aim to buy goods, unavailable, difficult to find, or inordinately costly in one's home country, for personal use or reselling to compatriots. Shopping tourism became a widespread practice in the East-European socialist economies of shortage as soon as travel restrictions, at first among socialist countries and, later, to the West, had been relaxed. Following a discussion of official and popular attitudes to consumption during socialism, the author points out that shopping tourism was not a form of popular resistance to the political system but rather a set of ingenious practices of adaptation to the everyday exigencies it created.     

把握我国消费发展趋势积极扩大上海消费需求

消费需求作为总需求的重要组成部分,尤其是作为最终需求,对于经济增长的拉动作用更为直接和相对稳定。未来我国扩大消费将面临机遇,进入居民消费增长的黄金时期,消费呈现出向品牌化和个性化方向发展、向健康消费和绿色消费升级等特征。上海必须积极应对,一方面聚焦消费需求潜力大、市场销售增长快、影响带动作用强的领域,另一方面完善鼓励消费的各项政策,着力改善消费环境,从而全面提振上海的消费市场。     

Is there a cannibal in organization studies? Notes on anthropophagy and organization (Recipe included)

This article draws out cannibals and cannibalism to elaborate issues of boundaries and consumption in theorizing organization. The logic(s) of cannibalism highlight some of organization’s inherent tensions, stimulating our understanding via the manifold movements of the cannibal. In a moment of reflection—the negotiation of who should and who should not be consumed—the cannibal appears, a figure at the precise point of passage between the organized and primordial chaos, chronologically hybrid, an affecting shadow in a melancholy economy.     

外来人口聚集地区户籍制度改革过程中的计划生育工作对策

论文根据外来人口的基本特征,提出这一人口群体在户籍制度改革进程中可能产生的一些问题,及这些问题对计划生育工作可能的影响,建议有关职能部门对一些可能发生的情况要有足够的准备与对策。     

U.S. Family Household Momentum and Dynamics: An Extension and Application of the ProFamy Method

The classic headship-rate method for demographic projections of households is not linked to demographic rates, projects a few household types without size, and does not deal with household members other than heads. By comparison, the ProFamy method uses demographic rates as input and projects more detailed household types, sizes, and living arrangements for all members of the population. Tests of projections from 1990 to 2000 using ProFamy and based on observed U.S. demographic rates before 1991 show that discrepancies between our projections and census observations in 2000 are reasonably small, validating the new method. Using data from national surveys and vital statistics, census microfiles, and the ProFamy method, we prepare projections of U.S. households from 2000 to 2050. Medium projections as well as projections based on smaller and larger family scenarios with corresponding combinations of assumptions of marriage/union formation and dissolution, fertility, mortality, and international migration are performed to analyze future trends of U.S. households and their possible higher and lower bounds, as well as enormous racial differentials. To our knowledge, the household projections reported in this article are the first to have found empirical evidence of family household momentum and to have provided informative low and high bounds of various indices of projected future households and living arrangements distributions based on possible changes in demographic parameters.     

Social programs and household size: evidence from New York city

What determines how many adults live in a house? How do people divide themselves up among households? Average household sizes vary substantially, both over time and in the cross-section. In this paper, we describe how a variety of government policies affect living arrangements, intentionally or not. Using data from a survey of households in New York City, we find that these incentives appear to have an impact. Specifically, households receiving these housing and income subsidies are smaller on average (measured by number of adults). The impacts appear to be considerably larger than those that would occur if the programs were lump-sum transfers. Small average household size can be extremely expensive in terms of physical and environmental resources, higher rents, and possibly homelessness. Thus, we encourage policymakers to pay greater heed to the provisions built into various social policies that favor smaller households.     

Metabolism and Driving Forces of Chinese Urban Household Consumption

This study was aimed at developing a better understanding of environmental pressure of urban household consumption in China. First, we introduced the concept model of household metabolism. Using this model, we analyzed the changes of Chinese household metabolism during the last 20 years. Rather than taking into account all aspects of household consumption, we just focused on water and energy metabolisms. After exploring the clearly increasing trends of urban household metabolism in China, we identified the underlying driving forces as biological/physical factors, economic/marketing factors and demographic factors. In conclusion, we suggest that additional work must be carried out in a wider range of household activities and at more advanced research levels in China.     

我国农村居民收入与消费关系实证研究

以2008年我国农村居民收入结构与消费结构的关系作为研究对象,首先通过因子分析,从全国31个地区在3项收入来源变量和8项消费支出变量中提取出2个公共因子（非工资性享受型消费因子和工资性生存型消费因子）,并对各地区的因子得分进行排名;再运用K-Means聚类分析将全国各地区消费水平分为5个层次,通过因子分析比较该5个层次在收入来源与消费结构上的异同,在得出一些特点规律的基础上,提出了多途径增加农民收入,提升农村居民消费层次,促进农村经济全面发展的对策建议。     

Family Composition and Remarriage in Pre-Transitional Italy: A Comparative Study

It is well known that timing and intensity of remarriage were strictly dependent upon demographic, socio-economic, cultural and legislative factors specific to each community. Thus, the aim of this paper is to compare the extent to which such factors may affect the remarriage patterns of three pre-transitional Italian populations that were different in many respects. By using micro-level data of the sharecropping communities of Casalguidi and Madregolo and the Alpine village of Treppo Carnico, we highlighted similarities and differences in the respective remarriage patterns, in particular, the far lower intensity in the mountain community with respect to the sharecropping ones. Our findings show that along with differences in the demographic system, household structure and land tenure, normative elements concerning widows and the dotal system could in part explain the differentials we found.