Estimation and Inference Procedures for Semiparametric Distribution Models with Varying Linear‐Index

More flexible semiparametric linear‐index regression models are proposed to describe the conditional distribution. Such a model formulation captures varying effects of covariates over the support of a response variable in distribution, offers an alternative perspective on dimension reduction and covers a lot of widely used parametric and semiparameteric regression models. A feasible pseudo likelihood approach, accompanied with a simple and easily implemented algorithm, is further developed for the mixed case with both varying and invariant coefficients. By justifying some theoretical properties on Banach spaces, the uniform consistency and asymptotic Gaussian process of the proposed estimator are also established in this article. In addition, under the monotonicity of distribution in linear‐index, we develop an alternative approach based on maximizing a varying accuracy measure. By virtue of the asymptotic recursion relation for the estimators, some of the achievements in this direction include showing the convergence of the iterative computation procedure and establishing the large sample properties of the resulting estimator. It is noticeable that our theoretical framework is very helpful in constructing confidence bands for the parameters of interest and tests for the hypotheses of various qualitative structures in distribution. Generally, the developed estimation and inference procedures perform quite satisfactorily in the conducted simulations and are demonstrated to be useful in reanalysing data from the Boston house price study and the World Values Survey.     

Modeling spatial overdispersion via the generalized Waring point process

Modeling spatial overdispersion requires point process models with finite‐dimensional distributions that are overdisperse relative to the Poisson distribution. Fitting such models usually heavily relies on the properties of stationarity, ergodicity, and orderliness. In addition, although processes based on negative binomial finite‐dimensional distributions have been widely considered, they typically fail to simultaneously satisfy the three required properties for fitting. Indeed, it has been conjectured by Diggle and Milne that no negative binomial model can satisfy all three properties. In light of this, we change perspective and construct a new process based on a different overdisperse count model, namely, the generalized Waring (GW) distribution. While comparably tractable and flexible to negative binomial processes, the GW process is shown to possess all required properties and additionally span the negative binomial and Poisson processes as limiting cases. In this sense, the GW process provides an approximate resolution to the conundrum highlighted by Diggle and Milne.     

Posterior consistency of logistic Gaussian process priors in density estimation

We establish weak and strong posterior consistency of Gaussian process priors studied by Lenk [1988. The logistic normal distribution for Bayesian, nonparametric, predictive densities. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 83 (402), 509–516] for density estimation. Weak consistency is related to the support of a Gaussian process in the sup-norm topology which is explicitly identified for many covariance kernels. In fact we show that this support is the space of all continuous functions when the usual covariance kernels are chosen and an appropriate prior is used on the smoothing parameters of the covariance kernel. We then show that a large class of Gaussian process priors achieve weak as well as strong posterior consistency (under some regularity conditions) at true densities that are either continuous or piecewise continuous.     

从有机、有序到和谐与文明——怀特海与马克思的机体思想之比较

作为建设性后现代主义奠基人的怀特海与现代思想家马克思他们热切关注现代科学技术的进展,同时也看到受近代力学影响所形成的机械论自然观和宇宙观的局限,都批判二元论思维方式和传统实体论形而上学,在建构各自的新哲学观基础上,依循历史的逻辑阐发了有机体思想,不仅关涉到自然、社会、宇宙的有机性、秩序性,机体运行的基础、动力和机制,而且回答了如何走向未来的和谐与文明,并主要体现在以下几个方面：一是机体思想的基本表达：整体论框架内的有机宇宙观与社会机体论;二是机体思想的方法论诉求：内在关系中的过程辩证法与历史辩证法;三是机体思想的动力机制：目的论下的有机宇宙的秩序与社会规律;四是机体思想的存在论根基： “解构”、“终结”形而上学后的过程实在论与实践过程论;五是机体思想的价值取向：发展论旨趣上的宇宙文明与人类文明。关于这些问题的探究二者既有共通性,又有明显的殊异,对此加以比较研究有助于推进当下的生态文明建设。     

试论中国共产党对社会主义所有制问题认识的演变过程

所有制问题是经济体制系统诸要素中最重要的因素之一，是区别人类历史上所经历过的各种社会经济制度的首要标志。研究党的十一届三中全会之前中国社会所有制结构的变迁以及之后所有制理论的创新与发展，对深化认识和理解建设中国特色社会主义的历史进程有重要意义。     

教育问卷调查的测量学思考

教育问卷调查法是一种教育研究的常用方法。但该方法在使用过程中往往存在着一些问题 ,影响了问卷调查法的科学性。本文认为重视问卷设计中的理论构思 ,使问卷的量化过程符合测理学原理 ,并对问卷进行信度和效度的考证 ,将有助于提高问卷调查法的科学性     

取代三联吡啶光度法测定铬(Ⅵ)

研究了 6 ,6″—二甲基— 4′—苯基 - 2 ,2′ :6′ ,2″—三联吡啶 (TPY)与Cr(Ⅵ )的显色反应。在pH5 .0 6 .2的HAc -NaAc介质中 ,Cr(Ⅵ )与该试剂形成稳定的橙色络合物 ,其吸收峰波长λmax=36 7nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.72× 10 5L(mol·cm) -1,Cr(Ⅵ )浓度在 1.3～ 76 μg/L内服从比尔定律。精密度和准确度实验结果表明 ,该方法准确 ,可用于环境水及电镀水中铬 (Ⅵ )的测定