论侵华日军对南京的毒品毒化政策

毒品毒化政策是日本侵华期间推行的一项丑恶而阴险的殖民政策。南京地区是日本当局推行这项政策的最重要而典型的地区之一。日本推行毒品毒化政策,主要依靠三大手段:第一,通过在华中地区建立与组织严密的贩毒机构网络,将南京置于其中并成为重要的一环;第二,指使与操纵伪政权,成立鸦片管理机构,努力使鸦片贩卖与吸食公开化、法律化;第三,通过种种卑劣手段,诱使中国民众吸食毒品,并控制中国烟民。通过这些手段,日本掠夺了中国人民大量财富以满足其侵略战争的需要,并直接导致南京人民日益贫困、道德败坏、犯罪率上升等严重后果。     

Barriers to women's disclosure of and treatment for substance use during pregnancy: A qualitative study

IntroductionThe use of alcohol and or illicit drugs during pregnancy is a complex public health issue. There are many adverse short- and long-term health implications of substance use during pregnancy that can potentially affect the mother-foetal dyad. Although prevention and treatment options — such as counselling, pharmacotherapy, rehabilitation, support and case management and withdrawal management — are available, a range of barriers impedes women's ability to disclose their substance use, which limits access and engagement with available services.ObjectiveThis research explored barriers women encountered in disclosing substance use and accessing substance use treatment in pregnancy.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a longitudinal cohort study of people with a history of injecting drug use from metropolitan Melbourne. One-on-one in-depth interviews with 15 participants were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. To be included in this study, participants must have reported a history of substance use during one or more of their pregnancies.ResultsThe fear of losing child custody associated with the involvement of the child protection services was one of the main barriers to disclosing substance use during pregnancy and accessing treatment and rehabilitation services. Other barriers including stigma and perceived limited treatment options impacted women in various ways.ConclusionPregnancy is an important time for women and offers opportunities for service providers to support women who are using substances. While not all barriers can be removed, careful consideration of individual cases and circumstances may help service providers to tailor interventions that are likely to be more successful.     

中药注册与专利保护的协同性分析

在新冠肺炎疫情与人类长期共存的国际共识下,以连花清瘟胶囊(颗粒)为代表的抗疫中药成为践行“传承精华,守正创新”新理念的生动实践。基于现阶段最新的政策情势,目前国内关于中药注册与专利保护协同的专题制度已有所涉及,但是仍存在创新标准不适、专利价值低质量及体系衔接错位脱节等现实困境。因此,通过中药连花清瘟系列药品的新药注册与专利保护协同进路的实证分析,提出了专利创造性专属审查、高价值专利培育及注册与专利保护体系链接之中药注册与专利保护协同的构建对策,希冀为新契机下中药产业的高质量协同发展提供实践参考。