核苷类抗病毒化合物的研究进展

本文简述了核苷的种类及其生物活性。根据分子结构的不同,对现有核苷作了分类、归纳,展望了核苷类药物的研究方向。     

Analysing drug abuse with British Crime Survey data: modelling and questionnaire design issues

We use the British Crime Survey (BCS) to analyse the demand for illicit drugs and the implications of drug use for the probability of subsequent unemployment. We demonstrate that the BCS questionnaire has a serious design flaw for this purpose, and we propose some simple modifications. We also develop a modelling technique that is suitable for existing BCS data and apply it to the 1994 and 1996 samples. We find evidence that soft drug use is associated with a greatly increased probability of later hard drug use and that past drug use is associated with increased probabilities of unemployment.     

农村药品流通的成本控制与药价虚高治理：宜章模式

我国农村市场普遍存在着农民“看病难、看病贵”的问题。湖南省宜章县乡镇卫生院改革的实践走出了一条降低医药流通费用和治理药价虚高的成功之路。这次改革实践直接降低了乡镇卫生院的药品成本、流通成本、管理成本、运转成本等，对减轻农民负担具有重要意义．也对我国其他地区的乡村卫生院改革有重要的借鉴意义。     

Hope as a form of agency in the future thinking of disenfranchised young people

This paper examines future thinking in a group of disenfranchised young Australians. We draw on literature about individualisation and choice biographies to understand participants’ narratives. Participants that managed to narrate a future expressed strong desires to be ‘normal’, articulating futures marked by traditional indicators: a job, home and family. Yet, their narratives of future were specific to the minimal opportunity structures available to them – a prioritising of paid employment with little concern about the type of work done, a home that was secure but not owned and, often, a wish to regain custody of children. Significantly, many participants could not articulate a future beyond their present circumstances. The uncertainties of their lives shaped their future thinking, through their lack of capital but also through deficit views of themselves as possessing few choices. But, while there was no ‘choice-making’, there was agency: they hoped for something better such as to live securely and to be happier. We suggest that sociological thought pursue a closer understanding of how hope operates in young lives and how it shapes future practice and trajectories. We propose that one way forward is to consider hope as a form of agency conceptualised through relational theories of practice.     

晚清时期西北地区的毒品问题及其治理

该文研究了晚清时期我国西北地区从烟毒输入地到烟毒输出地的变迁和由此引起的西北地方政府对烟毒实施治理的措施和对策 ,并从历史环境、文化心理、人文地理、法学等角度探讨了鸦片在西北地区蔓延及屡禁不止的原因     

贩卖精神药品案的定性：贩卖毒品还是非法经营

贩卖精神药品行为是违法销售国家管制药品中较突出的社会现象,已经给社会造成严重危害。精神药品既属于国家管制的药品,同时又是能够使人产生依赖并形成瘾癖性的毒品。因此,司法实务中对此贩卖行为的定性常常存在争议：贩卖毒品罪还是非法经营罪？定性直接关乎罪刑均衡原则的实现。因此,对贩卖精神药品行为的准确定性,无论对行为人,还是司法者,都具有重要意义。     

SBIRT Training in Social Work Education: Evaluating Change Using Standardized Patient Simulation

A grand challenge for social work is addressing widespread public health problems of alcohol misuse. MSW students (n = 83) received Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) training through didactic sessions, role plays, and pre–post videotaped standardized patient (SP) interactions. SBIRT knowledge, self-reported practice behaviors, and confidence were assessed at pretest, 30 days, and 6 months posttest. Videos were coded to assess intervention-adherent behaviors. General linear mixed models analyzed changes. Participants demonstrated increased adherence to SBIRT behaviors, and knowledge, skills, and confidence increased posttraining. Findings suggest SBIRT training increases students’ capacity to implement evidence-based interventions designed to reduce alcohol misuse.     

A cross-country comparison of alcohol,tobacco, and marijuana use among youth who are employed,in school or out of the labor force and school (OLFS)

Labor force and school attachment may influence alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use in the US and Canada. Differences in social welfare provision, which provide protections for individuals with insecure attachments to the labor force or education, may in turn impact the behavior and health of youth in these countries. Yet, there is little research to understand the health consequences for youth of being out of the labor force and school (OLFS). Data of 25–29 year old participants of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (year 2010) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (2009–2010) were used to examine differences in substance use by labor force and school attachment. Logistic regression suggests that OLFS in the US and Canada were less likely to report alcohol uptake and more likely to use tobacco compared to employed youth. Unemployment was differentially associated with substance use behaviors by country. Country of residence and subsequent exposure to social welfare policy does not appear to impact substance use behaviors among OLFS. However, associations of unemployment and gender by country indicates differences in substance use behavior. More research should seek to understand factors that influence alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among OLFS and unemployed youth.     

创新:中国“入世”后新药研制的必由之路

长期以来 ,中国新药的研制以仿制为主。中国“入世”后 ,大量国外药品将涌入国内 ,知识产权和专利保护将进一步加强 ,使新药研制面临前所未有的严峻形势。中国新药研制必须尽快完成由仿制到创新的战略转移 ,为此应做到 :( 1 )加强基础研究与新技术应用 ,为中国制药业的长远发展奠定基础 ;( 2 )借鉴国外新药研制成功经验 ,实现科技产业一体化 ;( 3)发挥自身资源优势 ,加快中药开发利用 ;( 4 )瞄准市场需求 ,开发急需新药