“台独”误导“国家认同”的阶段、要点简述

在两岸关系实现历史性转折、和平发展取得重大成果情况下,台湾"国家认同"出现政治偏差,统独取向出现严重错位,这一情况表明了台湾"国家认同"问题的复杂性、严峻性,表明了正确引导和重塑台湾"国家认同"的重要性、迫切性。在影响台湾"国家认同"的诸多因素中,"台独势力"的影响最为恶劣。在"台独"演变过程中,不同阶段对"国家认同"的影响也有不同。     

新中国外交之“一边倒”和“独立自主”之间纠结与冲突的历史启示

当前,由于美国战略重心东移亚太,以遏制中国的崛起,使我国面临巨大的地缘压力,因此,各种结盟说纷至沓来,似乎成了唯一的选项。然而,笔者通过对新中国对苏"一边倒"外交方针和"独立自主"外交之间的纠结与冲突的历史考察,让我们有理由相信,结盟并非灵丹妙药,而独立自主的外交仍是最佳的选择。     

和谐社会与公共舆论自由独立精神之辩

和谐社会意味着社会体系中各种要素的相互调适与共生,在平衡中促进社会有机体的稳步发展。它要求全社会公共舆论的争鸣与对话,而不是一种声音。公共舆论的适度自由与相对独立的精神品格,有利于和谐社会的构建。现阶段发挥公共舆论的引导、监督、批判、警示的功能极为重要。     

Independence in assisted living

The aims of this study were to understand the meaning of independence for residents of assisted living and to identify factors influencing the operationalization of independence in this setting. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 providers and 55 residents in 17 assisted-living facilities in Georgia. Data were analyzed by using the grounded theory method. Findings show that assisted-living residents retained a strong value for independence and that independence had multiple dimensions of meaning. Whereas independence in most cases was reduced to performing everyday activities of daily living (ADLs), the multidimensional nature of meaning allowed residents with significant disability both to continue to perceive themselves as independent and to find satisfaction in their remaining abilities. Resident self-care requires significant effort from both residents and providers, but it also has far-reaching potential to help residents maintain intact identities and may hold the key to extending their stay in the assisted-living facility (ALF) environment.     

Bootstrapping Regression Parameters in Multivariate Survival Analysis

Bootstrap methods are proposed for estimating sampling distributions and associated statistics for regression parameters in multivariate survival data. We use an Independence Working Model (IWM) approach, fitting margins independently, to obtain consistent estimates of the parameters in the marginal models. Resampling procedures, however, are applied to an appropriate joint distribution to estimate covariance matrices, make bias corrections, and construct confidence intervals. The proposed methods allow for fixed or random explanatory variables, the latter case using extensions of existing resampling schemes (Loughin,1995), and they permit the possibility of random censoring. An application is shown for the viral positivity time data previously analyzed by Wei, Lin, and Weissfeld (1989). A simulation study of small-sample properties shows that the proposed bootstrap procedures provide substantial improvements in variance estimation over the robust variance estimator commonly used with the IWM. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

《独立评论》中民主派学人法治思想述论

《独立评论》时期(1932～1937),胡适等民主派学人从做政府"诤臣"的角度,以"书生论政"的方式对国民党及南京国民政府的政治统治进行了深入的批评.伴随着"五五宪草"的修订,他们对法治这个民主宪政赖以实现的必要基础与重要保障提出了一系列意见.虽不尽完善,且囿于其自身的定位,他们的法治理念未能对当时的政治产生有效的影响,但在中国走向法治化道路上,其作用却不容忽视.     

波兰的独立与俄罗斯对外战略的互动关系

波兰是欧洲中部一个历史悠久、命运多舛的国家。波兰在建国以来的千年历史中，也曾有过“百年辉煌”的昌盛时期，但是从17世纪以来，波兰国运衰落，历经战争、冲突的磨难和被大国瓜分宰割的命运。在波兰争取民族独立和自身解放的过程中与它的东方邻国俄罗斯发生了激烈的碰撞，产生了恩怨纠缠的波俄关系。本试从历史的角度来分析波兰的独立与俄罗斯对外战略的互动关系。     

独立董事制度研究综述

在我国上市公司正式引入独立董事制度之后,理论界展开了激烈的讨论。本文就理论界关于独立董事的涵义、产生的原因,独立董事的独立性问题,以及我国是否应该引入独立董事制度等问题的主要观点作一综述。     

Sample Partitioning Estimation for Ergodic Diffusions

In this article, we present a new technique to obtain estimators for parameters of ergodic processes. When a diffusion is ergodic its transition density converges to the invariant density Durett (1996 Durett, R. (1996). Stochastic Calculus. A Practical Introduction. New York: CRC Press. [Google Scholar]). This convergence enabled us to introduce a sample partitioning technique that gives, in each subsample, observations that can be treated as independent and identically distributed. Within this framework, is possible the construction of estimators like maximum likelihood estimators or others.     

Energy Substitution,Separability, and Technical Progress in the Australian Iron and Steel Industry

The effects of the “energy crisis” on the Australian iron and Steel industry are analyzed by using a flexible functional form, the transcendental logarithmic (translog) function, which represents a second-order approximation of any twice differentiable function. The robustness of the translog is analyzed with special attention paid to factor aggregation and separability conditions as they relate to the specification of the functions. The estimation results suggest that capital and energy are substitutes, that aggregation of administrative workers and production labor is inappropriate, and that materials are weakly separable, thereby allowing the estimation of a capital, labor, and energy model. The data set developed covers the financial years from 1946–47 to 1978–79. This 33-year time series allows the use of different temporal subsets. Technical progress is shown to be capital and energy using and labor and material saving. An energy submodel is specified using solid fuels, oil, electricity, and gas; and the interfuel substitutions are estimated.