Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Measures of Uncertainty in Model-Based Environmental Assessment: The NUSAP System

This article discusses recent experiences with the Numeral Unit Spread Assessment Pedigree (NUSAP) system for multidimensional uncertainty assessment, based on four case studies that vary in complexity. We show that the NUSAP method is applicable not only to relatively simple calculation schemes but also to complex models in a meaningful way and that NUSAP is useful to assess not only parameter uncertainty but also (model) assumptions. A diagnostic diagram can be used to synthesize results of quantitative analysis of parameter sensitivity and qualitative review (pedigree analysis) of parameter strength. It provides an analytic tool to prioritize uncertainties according to quantitative and qualitative insights in the limitations of available knowledge. We show that extension of the pedigree scheme to include societal dimensions of uncertainty, such as problem framing and value-laden assumptions, further promotes reflexivity and collective learning. When used in a deliberative setting, NUSAP pedigree assessment has the potential to foster a deeper social debate and a negotiated management of complex environmental problems.     

会计模糊性原因分析及治理对策

由于模糊论、契约论、社会经济环境、人类认识的局限性、会计本身等因素的影响,会计信息具有一定的模糊性。为提高会计信息的有用性,应从加强模糊会计理论研究、完善会计准则、重视充分披露原则、强化模糊概念和模糊方法在会计中的应用、对会计信息进行过滤处理。这对于我国加强会计模糊研究、完善会计准则、提高会计信息的质量具有一定的参考价值。     

南方三岁以下幼儿汉语声调习得研究

基于一名长沙汉语幼儿的长期跟踪研究,旨在探讨南方三岁以下汉语幼儿何时掌握汉语四声调,其声调习得顺序以及声调发展的过程。结果表明：尽管该幼儿在两岁时区分汉语阳平和上声时存在部分困难,但她已经基本掌握了汉语四个声调,可较为准确地进行产出。随着年龄的增长,与母语接触相应增多,该幼儿产出的声调特征不断向母语靠近,体现了母语的影响。研究结果支持了早期交互假设,不支持独立假设。     

Relationship between boardroom independence and corporate performance: Reflections and perspectives

The perceived economic value of an independent boardroom configuration has progressively emerged as a matter of considerable importance in the academic and popular literature. The normative research paradigm has fundamentally been dominated by positivists who formulate inferential models populated by large sets of archival data. Regrettably, however, several decades of intense inquiries and passionate debates have invariably failed to ascertain (or dispel) the economic value of an independent boardroom configuration. The lingering boardroom independence–corporate performance saga has reached an impasse with no clear resolution in the foreseeable future. In this study, I provide a diagnosis (through the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews) of why the economic viability of an independent boardroom remains an elusive phenomenon for positivist researchers. A central reason for the research impasse is attributed to ontological complexities intrinsic to the very nature of the corporation, compounded by multiple layers of methodological complexities. Ultimately, the disentanglement of this enigma would require a pivotal reconceptualization of the corporate governance research agenda.     

Southern assumptions: normalizing racialized structures at a university in the Deep South

Informed by critical race theory (CRT), we examine how African-American and white college students, at a predominantly white, structurally diverse, Southern US university, understand their cross-racial experiences. Black–white interactions are understood within the context of the so-called ‘post-racial’ environment, against the backdrop of high-profile cases of racial injustice, and within the added context of the historical legacy of slavery and Jim Crow segregation in the rural Southern United States. Our study suggests that many students, regardless of race, recognized the persistence of racial segregation, especially in nightlife and campus Greek letter organizations (GLOs). African-American students were the most vocal and troubled by this division. Unexpectedly, however, students appeared to take for granted that in the American South, racism is persistent and indestructible. Building on Bell’s (1991) notion of racial realism and Bonilla-Silva’s (2013) notion of naturalization, we expand the view that racism is inherent or related to individual preference, to place and time, with a construct we term southern assumptions. Southern assumptions are the mechanisms in which participants connect collective historical racism in the south to the race problems of today.     

广西实施西部大开发战略理论构想

本文根据广西的实际情况,依据国内外经济发展的趋势,借鉴国内外的经验,提出了广西实施西部大开发战略的理论构想,即布局西北片,重点三条线,突出１２个点,东西大联动,加强与泰国合作。     

对我国引进外部监事制度的法律思考

外部监事制度是日本和我国澳门地区公司治理结构的特色,其在强化监事会的独立性、制衡大股东控制权的滥用、保障公司和中小股东利益等方面具有独特功效。目前,我国部分上市公司已引进了一些外部监事,但是立法上尚缺乏对外部监事的地位、职权、薪酬、义务和责任等方面的明确规定,实践中也存在诸多亟待解决的问题,有必要进一步规范和完善。     

论保证的独立性

作者认为,我国民法的传统理论仅强调保证的从属性不尽合理,应当从从属性和独立性两个方面来认识保证的法律性质,文章着重从保证的成立和内容、保证债务的范围和强度、保证变更或消灭的原因、保证人的抗辩权以及最高额保证等方面分析了保证的独立性,并指出强调保证独立性的意义。     

战后日本右翼势力与"台独"运动

无论是战后初期、冷战时期还是后冷战时期,日本右翼势力对"台独"运动的支持自始至终、不遗余力.究其原因,主要有三:1.日本对台湾50年的殖民统治在战后日本右翼势力的内心深处形成了浓厚的"台湾情结",这是诱发其支持"台独"运动的历史原因;2.日本右翼势力仍然视台湾为日本自身生存和发展的战略要地,并把支持"台独"运动作为谋求日本"政治大国"地位的有效途径和遏制中国发展的主要手段,是为驱动其支持"台独"运动的现实原因,也是主要原因;3.台湾当局设立秘密"专案基金"拉拢即大搞"金钱外交",是诱使日本右翼势力支持"台独"运动的经济动因.