谈VPN中的隧道技术及其IPSEC安全机制

VPN技术是Internet或其它公共互联网络中的一种虚拟专用网络技术,能安全、高效地保证用户像使用本地LAN网络一样在客户计算机和企业服务器之间建立点对点连接,进行数据的传输。介绍了VPN的隧道技术、VPN的隧道协议分析和VPN中数据传输的安全技术,为网络管理人员了解和配置VPN提供帮助。     

差序格局中的自我呈现:大学生微信朋友圈分享行为动因解析

基于熟人关系的微信社交是网络化条件下新兴的社交模式。微信圈子来源于现实社会圈子,呈现差序格局空间结构。借助微信朋友圈分享行为,大学生实现了熟人网络社交空间中的“自我呈现”。对某高校大学生微信朋友圈分享行为的动因分析发现,以“已”为中心的“自我主义”是分享行为的思维特征,修饰、共情、陶醉、利他等四个维度的内因与外因共同影响着分享行为的行动逻辑。“克己复礼”是大学生微信朋友圈共同遵守的道德规范,慎省、慎辨、慎言是规范分享行为的内在要求。     

京剧《四进士》中的“异乡人”与“好人”:论明清社会中“差序格局”的另一面

费孝通先生的“差序格局”概念是中国社会学中的经典概念。近年来,围绕“差序格局”学界有更加深入的探讨,揭示了其内部的丰富性和复杂性。不过,这些研究并没有探讨“差序格局”的另一面,即如何能从亲属关系推展到天下范围。为了探讨这一问题,本文对京剧《四进士》剧本进行了细致分析,从中发现“异乡人”和“好人”两个重要概念,通过探索其内涵及其相互关系,来理解“差序格局”中“推”的真正含义。在此基础上,本文探讨了“亲属关系”与“异乡人关系”之间的复杂关联,并重新理解“伦理精神”的含义。     

Econometrics exams and round numbers: Use or misuse of indirect estimation methods?

The use of Monte Carlo methods to generate exam datasets is nowadays a well-established practice among econometrics and statistics examiners all over the world. Its advantages are well known: providing each student a different data set ensures that estimates are actually computed individually, rather than copied from someone sitting nearby. The method however has a major fault: initial “random errors,” such as mistakes in downloading the assigned dataset, might generate downward bias in student evaluation. We propose a set of calibration algorithms, typical of indirect estimation methods, that solve the issue of initial “random errors” and reduce evaluation bias. Ensuring round initial estimates of the parameters for each individual dataset, our calibration procedures allow the students to determine if they have started the exam correctly. When initial estimates are not round numbers, this random error in the initial stage of the exam can be corrected for immediately, thus reducing evaluation bias. The procedure offers the further advantage of rounding markers’ life by allowing them to check round numbers answers only, rather than lists of numbers with many decimal digits¹.     

Exact and resampling probability values for the Piccarreta nominal–ordinal index of association

Exact, resampling, and Pearson type III permutation methods are provided to compute probability values for Piccarreta's nominal–ordinal index of association. The resampling permutation method provides good approximate probability values based on the proportion of resampled test statistic values equal to or greater than the observed test statistic value.     

论高校学生社团的作用和发展机制

随着学校体制改革的不断深化,学生社团实际上已日益成为高校对学生进行教育、管理和服务的重要的工作领域。学生社团由于其组织的自发性、活动的自主性和符合青年学生特点,正越来越受到青年学生的欢迎。分析高校学生社团的优势并探寻学生社团的发展机制,对于促进大学生思想政治教育工作具有非常重要的意义。     

汉英动物词词义联想差异成因探析

汉语和英语都有着大量的动物词汇和习语,但汉语民族和英语民族对同一动物词往往会产生不同的词义联想.这种现象可以从"文化继承型"词语形象感、词语产生的典故、生产方式与生活习惯及体育娱乐活动四方面探寻成因.     

财团、社团抑或其他——我国非营利性法人主体构造模式的选择

非营利法人,是具有公共服务宗旨或促进社会福利发展,不分配盈余,享有免税优待或享有减税优惠的依法成立的组织的民事主体。与企业法人相比,非营利性法人功能类型更为多样,这使各类型非营利法人具体构造模式的确定,既非全面的纳入财团法人,也不是针对具体某一种非营利法人完全的纳入财团法人或社团法人模式,而是针对每种类型,在财团法人与社团法人模型间的选择具体平衡点,最终编制关于非营利性法人结构模式的类型序列。     

“文社经济繁荣说”是否一个假命题

明代末年文人社团为何在"江南"兴盛?学术界归因于江南繁荣昌盛的商品经济。这是经济繁荣促进文学兴盛的普遍规律,我们无意对此进行质疑,但对此也要作具体分析。我们知道,明代万历前期经过张居正的十年改革,社会经济再度呈现辉煌局面,但也未能阻止住明末社会全面衰退的历史命运。在这样的历史背景下,江南经济是否仍然保持其繁盛的强劲态势?如果江南社会经济在明末社会全面衰退的大背景下也开始衰退,那么,"文社经济繁荣说"就有可能是一个假命题。对此,我们不得不辨。     

Reframing the benefits and beneficiaries of public benefits programs

This article uses current research to demonstrate that in addition to the direct benefits received by recipients of four main types of public benefit programs—cash assistance, public health insurance, food assistance, and public housing—non-recipients receive a variety of indirect economic and noneconomic benefits. Non-recipients include individuals, families, organizations, businesses, neighborhoods, and the general public. The review indicates that public benefits programs can indirectly benefit non-recipients economically by increasing economic security; stimulating local, state, and national economies; increasing employment and other measures of economic well-being; generating tax revenues; and providing cost savings. In addition, we determined two main types of indirect noneconomic benefits: enhancing neighborhood quality and the intrinsic rewards gained from fulfilling humanitarian and related values. We then summarize the results of these studies and make suggestions for future research. Finally, based on the reviewed research, we identify methods to reframe negative perceptions of government spending on public benefits programs. By reframing the benefits and beneficiaries of these programs, social workers, professional organizations, lobbyists, politicians, and elected officials can increase societal and political support for public benefits programs.