论中国反垄断法对行业协会的规制

基于行业协会行为限制竞争的可能性,各国反垄断法纷纷通过"补充标准"或"术语解释"的方式将其纳入规制范围,并采用了"实质高于形式"的规制原则.具体措施上,除了设定行业协会职能的法律界限,限制行业协会处罚权的行使之外,各国反垄断法还从实体与程序两个方面规定了行业协会的活动规则.中国<反垄断法>对行业协会的规制,一定程度上克服了<价格法>规制行业协会限制竞争行为的不足,但所确立的实体制度与程序制度仍相对简单,法律责任设置也存在缺漏或可操作性障碍.     

我国医疗行业协会参与公立医院外部监管优势与困境分析

公立医院是复杂的系统,监管体制的改革涉及到各利益相关方权利责任的调整与平衡,建立社会多方参与的公立医院外部监管体系显得十分迫切,而对于监管体系的研究,尤其是从医疗行业协会的角度进行的研究起步较晚。因而文章希望通过分析医疗行业协会参与监管的优势、困境以及其更深层次的原因,以期能为完善我国公立医院外部监管体系提供相关理论依据和政策建议。     

抗战时期老舍结社及任职考

老舍的文学生涯,除创作大量小说、剧本、散文以及曲艺作品外,还曾先后加入许多不同性质、不同层次的团体和组织,相继担任一系列不同的职务。本文考证了老舍抗战时期结社及任职情况     

谈渤海国对日本交往的两个问题

渤海国是唐朝时期中国的一个边疆民族政权,与日本具有一些相同的文化因素,物产丰富,造船技术和航海技术先进,这些是其对日本交往的有利条件。在这样的条件下,渤海进行了长期的对日交往,是中日关系的一个组成部分。渤海对日本的交往,影响了东北亚战略格局,满足了双方人民的经济需要,促进了唐文化的传播,给东北亚海上丝绸之路赋予了新的内涵,对于东北亚经济文化交流具有重要的意义。     

日韩留学生颜色词联想的比较研究

选取日本和韩国留学生各80人作为被试,选定白、红、黄、蓝、紫和粉红6个基本颜色词,制成颜色词的自由联想问卷;采用自由联想和跨文化比较等方法,比较日韩留学生对这些颜色词的联想在具体、抽象及情绪维度上的差异,有助于认识他们的心理特征和民族文化特征。     

虚拟性实践的价值探讨

虚拟性实践的存在形态虽然是虚拟的,但其价值功能却是真实的。虚拟性实践极大地扩展了人类实践的广度和深度,在更高层次上体现了人作为“符号动物”的类本质特性,带来了人类思维能力的飞跃,推动了精神生产的发展,以新的交往方式丰富了社会关系。     

Evaluating the benefit from the help of the parent–teacher association to child performance

The contribution of parental involvement in the parent–teacher association (PTA) to schoolchildren's performance is an issue for evaluation research. To resolve the issue, it is reasonable to differentiate people who benefit and others who do not benefit from the involvement. Such differentiation relied on survey data from 289 pairs of Hong Kong Chinese parents and their children between Grade 4 and Grade 9. It revealed that only 28.8% of the parent–child pairs had their child performance benefiting from the help of parent–teacher associations (in terms of a standardized effect of .2). Factors predictive of this minority subgroup were the child's grade and having a single parent. These factors tend to identify the need for help from parent–teacher associations, which can be a consideration for planning effective help from the associations.     

On the asymptotic normality of the R-estimators of the slope parameters of simple linear regression models with associated errors

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to prove, under mild conditions, the asymptotic normality of the rank estimator of the slope parameter of a simple linear regression model with stationary associated errors. This result follows from a uniform linearity property for linear rank statistics that we establish under general conditions on the dependence of the errors. We prove also a tightness criterion for weighted empirical process constructed from associated triangular arrays. This criterion is needed for the proofs which are based on that of Koul [Behavior of robust estimators in the regression model with dependent errors. Ann Stat. 1977;5(4):681–699] and of Louhichi [Louhichi S. Weak convergence for empirical processes of associated sequences. Ann Inst Henri Poincaré Probabilités Statist. 2000;36(5):547–567].     

Evaluation of multi-objective optimization approaches for solving green supply chain design problems

This paper evaluates the applicability of different multi-objective optimization methods for environmentally conscious supply chain design. We analyze a case study with three objectives: costs, CO₂ and fine dust (also known as PM – Particulate Matters) emissions. We approximate the Pareto front using the weighted sum and epsilon constraint scalarization methods with pre-defined or adaptively selected parameters, two popular evolutionary algorithms, SPEA2 and NSGA-II, with different selection strategies, and their interactive counterparts that incorporate Decision Maker׳s (DM׳s) indirect preferences into the search process. Within this case study, the CO₂ emissions could be lowered significantly by accepting a marginal increase of costs over their global minimum. NSGA-II and SPEA2 enabled faster estimation of the Pareto front, but produced significantly worse solutions than the exact optimization methods. The interactive methods outperformed their a posteriori counterparts, and could discover solutions corresponding better to the DM preferences. In addition, by adjusting appropriately the elicitation interval and starting generation of the elicitation, the number of pairwise comparisons needed by the interactive evolutionary methods to construct a satisfactory solution could be decreased.     

The ILO and the right to strike

The author argues that the June 2012 challenge by the ILO Employers' group to the hitherto generally accepted view regarding the right to strike under the Freedom of Association Convention, No. 87, is at odds with the historical understanding of the framework in which the Convention is embedded. She demonstrates how the ILO constituents have consistently recognized that there is a positive right to strike, which is inextricably linked to – and an inevitable corollary of – the right to freedom of association. The article also analyses the relative roles of the ILO supervisory bodies in this regard.