我国铸币税、财政赤字与资本外逃的实证分析

文章沿着一国政府通过征收铸币税弥补财政赤字,产生通货膨胀进而引发资本外逃这一机制,搜集并计算了我国相关变量的数据,通过实证分析具体阐述了我国资本外逃现象和财政赤字、铸币税之间的关系,基本证实了资本外逃和财政赤字、铸币税间存在着相互作用。     

Notes on the two-stage procedure under an incomplete block two-period crossover design

Abstract

Under an incomplete block crossover design with two periods, we derive the least-squares estimators for the period effect, treatment effects and carry-over effects in explicit formulae based on within-patient differences. Using the commonly-used strategy of searching a base model for making inferences in regression analysis, we define a two-stage test procedure in studying treatment effects. On the basis of Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluate the performance of the two-stage procedure for hypothesis testing, point and interval estimation of treatment effects in a variety of situations. We note that use of the two-stage procedure can be potentially misleading and hence one should not apply a test procedure to exclusively determine whether he/she needs to account for the carry-over effect in studying treatment effects. We use the double-blind crossover trial comparing two different doses of formoterol with placebo on the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) readings to illustrate the use of the two-stage procedure, as well as the distinction between use of two-stage procedure and the approach with assuming no carry-over effects based on one's subjective knowledge.     

中国财政政策通货膨胀效应的实证研究

 全球金融危机使各国财政赤字激增,通胀问题日益严重,通胀治理成为各国关注的焦点。与货币数量理论相比,新近发展的价格水平决定的财政理论（FTPL）对于解释通货膨胀的成因和提出通胀治理建议更有优势。本文基于FTPL视角,选取我国1982—2011年度数据,应用状态空间模型识别政策在价格决定中的作用区制,结果表明1982—1996为M区制,1997—2011为F区制;再选取1997—2011季度数据,应用SVAR法结合货币政策研究F区制下财政政策对通货膨胀的短期和长期动态效应,实证研究表明财政政策比货币政策对通胀的影响更大,而且财政政策对通货膨胀有长期效应,结合中国经济的实际情况,我们认为货币政策不是导致近年来通胀的主要成因,抑制通胀要依靠财政政策,应实行相机选择的财政政策来实现物价稳定和经济可持续发展的宏观调控目标。     

Forecast Combination and Model Averaging Using Predictive Measures

We extend the standard approach to Bayesian forecast combination by forming the weights for the model averaged forecast from the predictive likelihood rather than the standard marginal likelihood. The use of predictive measures of fit offers greater protection against in-sample overfitting when uninformative priors on the model parameters are used and improves forecast performance. For the predictive likelihood we argue that the forecast weights have good large and small sample properties. This is confirmed in a simulation study and in an application to forecasts of the Swedish inflation rate, where forecast combination using the predictive likelihood outperforms standard Bayesian model averaging using the marginal likelihood.     

试论汉代通货膨胀

中国古代的通货膨胀问题近年逐渐为学术界所关注，本文运用现代经济学原理，对汉代通货膨胀的成因、类型以及汉政府所采取的对策等问题进行系统探索。     

The premium of inflation-indexed life insurances for the Romanian life table

This paper deals with the pricing process of life insurances that provide an insured sum indexed annually according to the current inflation rate. In these terms we propose an appropriate formula for the discount factor. In order to describe the inflation, we consider a stochastic autoregressive model. We deduce analytical expressions for the mean value and the variance of random variable defined as the present value of 1 unit indexed annually according to the inflation rate, payable over t years, when inflation is generated by an autoregressive process of order one. At the same time, we obtain numerical results for the Romanian life table, regarding the mean and the standard deviation for the actuarial present value of a pure endowment life insurance with the sum insured indexed annually with the inflation rate.     

治理通货膨胀的综合调控分析

本文在讨论治理通货膨胀的宏观调控手段，及与其配合运用的多项政策的必要性和可能性的基础上，建立了定量分析的灵敏度和弹性的算法，解释其经济意义，并从宏观调控的角度回顾了８０年代后期对通货膨胀的治理．最后提出了对治理通货膨胀的几点看法．     

我国外汇储备对通货膨胀影响的实证分析

近来,通货膨胀趋势日显,外汇储备的大幅度增加与通货膨胀之间是否具有因果关联性成为一个值得探讨的问题。文章将二十世纪八九十年代的通货膨胀时期与此次通货膨胀时期作为两个时间段,运用格兰杰因果检验与相关分析的方法,来阐明在这两个不同时期,外汇储备与通货膨胀之间的关系,并探究其原因,给出相关的政策建议。     

美学期待视野在旅游文本翻译中的应用——兼谈大同旅游宣传文本翻译策略

大同以其丰富的旅游资源闻名全国,吸引数万游客,但其对外旅游宣传资料仍有许多问题,影响制约了大同旅游业的对外交流与发展。以接受美学的期待视野理论为照观,探讨旅游文本的翻译,从而认识到对富有民族文化和历史特色的旅游语篇,译者要根据外国游客的文化背景和审美认知做出适当调整,建立合理的审美距离,既满足游客的审美期待,拓宽游客的审美视野,又保留自我文化特色,拓宽游客的审美视野。     

我国通货膨胀率的最优目标区间几何？

 内容提要：本文首先提出了面板数据动态门限回归模型的二阶段合并最小二乘（2SPOLS）估计方法;其次,基于中国29省市自治区1978-2008年的面板数据,对中国通货膨胀和经济增长之间关系的实证分析发现,在一定程度上,我国通货膨胀率对经济增长率的作用存在两个门限值的“双门限效应”,其门限值分别为3.2%和15.7%。所以,通货膨胀率位于（0%,3.2%]时,温和通货膨胀对经济增长率存在“托宾效应”。通货膨胀率超过3.2%时,通货膨胀率对经济增长率存在阻碍经济增长的“反托宾效应”,尤其,通货膨胀率高于15.7%后,恶性通货膨胀严重阻碍经济“软扩张”。因此,我国通货膨胀率的最优目标区间是（0%,3.2%]。