Measuring effectiveness of production in the public sector

Key concepts in efficiency analyses are efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency is popularly connected to ‘doing the things right’ and effectiveness to ‘doing the right things’. The paper elaborates upon the latter concept within a setting where resources are transformed into outputs under the control of a public provider, while outcomes with outputs as inputs represent higher social goals, but this production is outside the public provider׳s direct control. A new measure of overall preference effectiveness is introduced and its decomposition into output-oriented efficiency and output-mix efficiency is shown. The monumental task of getting the necessary information for calculating effectiveness is highlighted.     

高职英语教学中的文化导入

根据高职院校学生英语教学实际情况，通过跨文化交际的方法给学生适时进行文化导入，这是提高高职学生英语水平、进而提高英语课堂教学效率的有效方法。高职院校的英语教师必须让学生明确文化导入的重要性，并且在课堂教学中指导学生注意主要的语用差异，从而达到正确、规范的语言输出。     

语言输入的最佳方式

正确的语言输入方法是二语习得的关键。"背诵输入法"是语言输入的最佳方式。背诵输入不仅可以克服外语学习者的焦虑情感,使显性语言知识转化为隐性语言知识,增强外语语感,还可以排除母语干扰,克服母语对外语的负迁移。而且,背诵输入也是一种主动建构过程。教师应鼓励学生在理解基础上背诵,掌握背诵输入这一简单而快捷的语言输入方式。     

货币和产出缺口能给通货膨胀提供有用的信息吗？

 ]论文目的是确定货币、产出缺口和国际商品价格指数与我国通货膨胀之间是否有长期的关系,能否给我国通货膨胀预测提供除通货膨胀自身所具有的以外的信息。论文的研究方法主要是自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL),基于自回归分布滞后模型进行通货膨胀与相关经济变量的长期关系检验,并进行预报实验,将预测结果与仅包括通货膨胀自身滞后因子的自回归模型的预测结果比较。实证结果显示：货币供给m2、m1、m0都与通货膨胀有显著的长期关系,但是只有m0含有通货膨胀自身没含有的信息,能给通货膨胀提供额外的信息;产出缺口、国际农产品价格指数分别与通货膨胀有长期的关系,含有通货膨胀自身没含有的信息,能给通货膨胀预测提供额外的信息。最后还提出一些相关建议。     

二语习得之“输入假说”与英语教学

本文浅议二语习得中的＂输入假说＂理论,强调如何更好地进行语言输入,借以提高英语教学水平。     

Public investment in care services in Turkey: Promoting employment & gender inclusive growth

Recent policy debates on macroeconomic tools to counteract the prolonged global economic recession point to the potential of fiscal policies with appropriate sectoral targets for simultaneously boosting effective demand while alleviating inequalities through employment generation. This paper contributes to the debate by pointing to the social care services sector –in particular early childhood education and care (ECEC) — as an effective target of fiscal spending for robust employment generation and gender inclusive growth. We use a macro-micro simulation model to examine the aggregate and gender employment impact of increasing public expenditures on ECEC services, an underdeveloped sector in Turkey versus physical infrastructure and construction, a common target of stimulatory spending. Our methodological approach combines input-output analysis on aggregate employment effects with a statistical microsimulation approach to assess distributional outcomes. We find that an expansion of ECEC services creates not only significantly more jobs but also does so in a more gender-equitable and fiscally sustainable way than the a construction boom.     

The impact of fiscal shocks on real GDP and income inequality: What do Australian data say?

This paper examines the impact of three fiscal policy shocks on per capita real GDP and income inequality in Australia during the period 1965–2014. A small structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model is constructed for an open economy for contemporaneous identification and estimation purposes. Based on the evidence of one cointegrating vector among the variables, a structural vector error correction (SVEC) model is specified for the long run. Direct taxation, indirect taxation receipts and government spending are identified as permanent fiscal policy shocks. The convergent use of two different models (SVAR & SVEC) strengthens the credibility of the results. The results have three key policy implications. First, a reduction in direct taxation receipts increases per capita real GDP without increasing income inequality. Second, a reduction in government expenditure significantly increases income inequality. Third, the adverse effect of indirect taxation receipts on income inequality is greater than the redistributive effect of government expenditure, which questions the widely held fiscal policy strategy of using indirect taxation to finance redistributive expenditure.     

基于投入产出表的商业银行竞争力研究

2007年是中国银行业全面开放的第一年,在全球化的竞争中不断增强经营管理能力和市场竞争力,已经成为中国商业银行面临的一个重要战略问题。采用投入产出法,编制了商业银行业务与投入产出分析理论相结合的商业银行投入产出表,深入分析商业银行各种经济业务之间的联系,为合理分配资金及制定经营计划提供可靠依据,为商业银行合理评价竞争力提供思路。     

基于DEA视窗分析的高校科研投入产出效率动态评价

采用DEA视窗分析(DEA Window Analysis)方法对我国31省市2003年至2009年高校科研活动投入产出的面板数据进行评价,结果发现我国各省市高校研究期间科研效率整体水平偏低,且未能随时间呈现出明显的增长趋势,不同省市效率在同一视窗内差异较大,而同一省市在不同视窗内差异较小.进一步分地区分析发现,中部地区高校的科研投入产出效率最高,东部和西部的效率值相等且均低于中部地区,表明科研效率与地区经济发展水平之间不存在必然联系.各地区应制定适宜的激励政策,重视科技经费的合理配置和有效利用,努力提高科研活动的产出水平,促进各地区高校科研效率均衡有序提高.     

浅谈区域产业转移和结构优化的推进路径

区域产业转移和结构优化 ,可以理解为一个区域内部和外部国民经济不断发展和强化的过程。从这个角度来看 ,区域产业转移和结构优化推进路径是这样的 :首先是商品输出 ,是指对邻近市场乃至国际市场的商品输出 ;其次是市场拓展 ,是指通过有形或无形市场的拓展 ,进而使企业具有更大的市场空间 ;再次是资本输出 ,是指企业通过资本输出而推进的商品输出和市场拓展 ;最后是人才联合 ,是指通过人力资本的累积而达到产业结构优化和升级 ,这也是区域产业转移和结构优化最具效率的一个层面