中国乡村慢性病的社会根源--基于冀南沙村的田野考察

目前，慢性病已经成为中国乡村主要的公共健康问题。冀南沙村的田野调查资料表明，中国乡村慢性病的流行是社会转型的结果，它与生活条件的改善、人均寿命的延长、食品安全问题的凸显、医学技术的进步等结构性因素紧密相关。基于此，慢性病干预不能单靠卫生部门，它尤其需要卫生部门之外的农业、环境、食品、民政、人力资源与社会保障等部门的支持与配合。     

在艺术的终结中结束

对当代艺术创作进行多雏度的细心关注仍旧是不可或缺的。不过，多年前那些源自主流思想的，试图对厌恶轻视“当代艺术”的审查进行反击而做出的乐观主义回应已不合时宜了。不言而喻，“圣像破坏论”和“自噬”这样的观念，深藏着一颗抗拒体制化的收归及反叛市场、其残留隶属于理想主义的坚固内核，它们与当前艺术在社会、经济、文化和政治上的状况已经完全脱节。诚然，目前仍旧存在着个人发展策略的空间，以及在主流艺术界中实施小规模独立对抗的残存可能性，如游离于商业逻辑边缘的发展和寄托于极端投机的行为。但只需在众多国际艺术交易博览会的侧廊随意走动走动，我们就足以判断出这些对抗形式的边缘性。     

矿业类专业学生心理问题成因与干预探讨——以中国矿业大学矿业工程学院为例

文章以中国矿业大学矿业工程学院为样本,通过对矿业类专业学生的特点和心理现状的调查,总结分析了男女性别比例失衡、学生中的贫富差距、行业波动等是诱导心理问题的主要因素,并针对性地提出了以差异化管理、重视资助和健全专业审视制度为主要内容的干预措施,以期为相关管理人员提供科学参考。     

Design and Evaluation of Prophylactic Interventions Using Infectious Disease Incidence Data from Close Contact Groups

Summary.  Prophylaxis of contacts of infectious cases such as household members and treatment of infectious cases are methods to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. We develop a method based on maximum likelihood to estimate the efficacy of such interventions and the transmission probabilities. We consider both the design with prospective follow-up of close contact groups and the design with ascertainment of close contact groups by an index case as well as randomization by groups and by individuals. We compare the designs by using simulations. We estimate the efficacy of the influenza antiviral agent oseltamivir in reducing susceptibility and infectiousness in two case-ascertained household trials.     

灾后学校社会工作介入研究——以“抗震希望学校社工志愿服务项目”为例

灾后学校面临一系列新的问题，需要社会工作的专业介入，对于介入策略，宏观层面要注意对学校社会工作价值观念、伦理守则的坚持与把握；中观层面要采取措施为志愿服务的连续性提供保障；微观层面要综合利用各种学校社会工作的方法。“抗震希望学校社工志愿服务项目”实施以来取得了很大成绩，但仍要在实践中探索适合灾后学校的服务模式。     

The Impact of Parental Incarceration on Children: An Emerging Need for Effective Interventions

The increasing number of children with incarcerated parents constitutes perhaps one of the largest at-risk populations in the United States. Short- and long-term effects of parental incarceration are difficult to quantify; however, the current literature indicates that this population is negatively responding to major shifts in family structure, and is vulnerable to economic stress and adverse interpersonal issues. Service providers are seeking appropriate intervention strategies to address the resultant issues of parental incarceration. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research on effective practice methods. This paper reviews the literature on the potential implications parental incarceration has on children, and discusses service providers’ concerted efforts to allay the consequences. Recommendations for appropriate data collection and identification of relevant gender, developmental, and cultural interventions are provided.     

Measuring Potency among Preschool Children: Instruments and Intervention

This study explored the impact of Potency-Focused Intervention among preschool children using a prospective research design. To achieve this aim, an instrument, the Child Adaptation Measure of Potency (CAMP), was developed to examine the construct of potency among this population. The psychometric properties of this new CAMP scale was analyzed among 90 preschool children, and the scale was proven to be both reliable and valid. Sixty-six children participated in the intervention study itself. Thirty-two children participated in an intensive intervention program, while the remaining children served as a control group. The results indicate that Potency-Focused intervention significantly enhanced potency among children in the intervention group, though it did not enhance the quality of self-concept. This finding suggests that while potency and self-concept are similar in some respects, they are separate constructs. The implications of Potency-Focused Intervention among preschool children are discussed.     

Does Providing Extended Relapse Prevention Bibliotherapy to Problem Gamblers Improve Outcome?

Relapse rates among pathological gamblers are high with as many as 75% of gamblers returning to gambling shortly after a serious attempt to quit. The present study focused on providing a low cost, easy to access relapse prevention program to such individuals. Based on information collected in our ongoing study of the process of relapse, a series of relapse prevention booklets were developed and evaluated. Individuals who had recently quit gambling (N = 169) were recruited (through media announcements) and randomly assigned to a single mailing condition in which they received one booklet summarizing all of the relapse prevention information or a repeated mailing condition in which they received the summary booklet plus 7 additional booklets mailed to them at regular intervals over the course of a year period. Gambling involvement over the course of the 12-month follow-up period, confirmed by family or friends, was compared between the two groups. Results indicated that participants receiving the repeated mailings were more likely to meet their goal, but they did not differ from participants receiving the single mailing in frequency of gambling or extent of gambling losses. The results of this project suggest that providing extended relapse prevention bibliotherapy to problem gamblers does not improve outcome. However, providing the overview booklet may be a low cost, easy to access alternative for individuals who have quit gambling.     

The role of work-related personal projects during two burnout interventions: a longitudinal study

Burnout is nowadays a common problem among employees, and a new approach to reduce its extent is needed. This study looked at burnout interventions in terms of personal goals and/or projects. These represent what individuals are striving to achieve, and include work-related goals. Our aim was to examine the extent to which two kinds of burnout intervention, in the form of different types of psychotherapy, influence employees’ personal projects. The two types of therapy were psychoanalytic and experiential, both in the form of group therapy. To determine the extent, 62 employees who had contacted the Helsinki Occupational Health Services suffering from severe burnout participated, in the course of a single year, in 16 sessions of either analytic or experiential group psychotherapy. In addition, 28 employees suffering from severe burnout served as controls. All the participants filled in Little's Personal Project Analysis and the Bergen Burnout Indicator one month before the intervention, in the middle of the intervention and one month after the intervention. The results showed that among participants in the intervention groups the level of burnout decreased. Further, the number of work-related personal projects, project-related negative emotions, and tendencies towards negative action, decreased among those in the intervention groups compared to the control group. Moreover, project-related progress, social support and managing project-related emotions increased during the intervention. Finally, the results showed that when the negative emotions related to personal projects decreased during intervention, the level of burnout also decreased.