社会工作研究中的价值介入与社会研究伦理考量

社会工作研究在研究方法、研究手段等方面都受到社会研究多种方法论范式的影响,社会工作研究者无论选择何种社会研究范式进行研究,都会在选题、分析、总结等过程中有不同程度的价值介入,而源于价值观的社会研究伦理又将直接影响研究者的研究选题、方法和结论。本文从社会研究中的价值介入问题入手,探讨社会工作研究中的价值与伦理问题带来的思考。     

“人与环境”理论在个案评估中的运用和反思——以强强个案为例

本文以人在环境理论为基础,讨论强强个案介入的方法和策略。通过对环境系统地评估,发现案主的挑战和优势,同时也讨论社工所面临的价值选择。并反思社会工作实务在中国社会文化处境中的实践。     

Child abuse prevention: Blending research and practice

For over two decades, child abuse interventions have been plagued by poor definitions of what (or who) exactly is being treated, what constitutes ‘success’, and how services can be delivered in such a way as to minimize the harm to the child and to his/her family. Most recently, intervention/prevention programmes reflect the growing recognition that child maltreatment is the product of the interaction between the parent's abilities and resources and the child's emerging behavioural and emotional characteristics (i.e. the parent–child relationship), and place less emphasis on individual psychopathology. Accordingly, ways to strengthen this relationship offer considerably more promise than those aimed at correcting only one component (i.e. the parent) or treating only the visible symptoms of conflict. In an attempt to focus greater effort on prevention and early intervention, this paper reviews prominent risk factors that have been linked to physical abuse and neglect of children and their consequences. Major intervention targets are identified from this literature and discussed in reference to: (a) problems related to the family context; (b) child treatment needs; and (c) parent/caregiver treatment needs. The paper concludes with a discussion of promising developments in early intervention that are beginning to address problems in the early formation of the parent–child relationship (i.e. the pre-natal and infancy periods of development) and problems associated with parental competency and family support. Most notably, preventive efforts have been associated with more positive parenting knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviour, as well as fewer child injuries, emergency room visits, and reports to protective agencies among at-risk parents and children. Further evaluation and expansion of these programmes appears to be warranted by these data.     

The Message in Daily Exchange Rates: A Conditional-Variance Tale

Formal testing procedures confirm the presence of a unit root in the autoregressive polynomial of the univariate time series representation of daily exchange-rate data. The first differences of the logarithms of daily spot rates are approximately uncorrelated through time, and a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model with daily dummy variables and conditionally t-distributed errors is found to provide a good representation to the leptokurtosis and time-dependent conditional heteroscedasticity. The parameter estimates and characteristics of the models are found to be very similar for six different currencies. These apparent stylized facts carry over to weekly, fortnightly, and monthly data in which the degree of leptokurtosis and time-dependent heteroscedasticity is reduced as the length of the sampling interval increases.     

震后失依儿童最佳利益的社会工作保护

地震灾后失依儿童面临着创伤压力、丧亲哀恸以及依附关系变迁的三重弱势困境.社会工作应基于儿童最佳利益原则,介入失依儿童寄养安置,增进其依附关系的建立；开展多层面的心理干预,妥善处理灾后心理危机；提供失依儿童个案管理,促进其可持续的社会适应.     

文化环境对话语交际的消极干预

本文从交际双方不同的文化风俗、不同的文化规约、不同的文化心理三个层面.有例有证地探讨了不同民族的语言文化环境和相同民族的亚文化环境对话语交际的消极干预.对之进行探讨的意义在于加强语言策略,消除消极干预,促成话语交际的成功.     

自闭症儿童家庭干预方法的研究

对自闭症儿童家庭的调查发现，自闭症儿童的家长获得干预方法的途径主要来源于咨询机构的老师；家长熟悉的干预方法包括行为治疗法、感统训练法、药物治疗法、游戏疗法等：家长认为有效的干预方法是行为治疗法与感统训练法，认为无效的干预方法为药物治疗法与功能分析法。建议家长在选择干预方法时综合考虑家庭环境、儿童的特点、自身的学历水平和职业特点等多方面因素；干预方法的使用要立足于自闭症儿童的实际感受，服务于儿童生活质量的提高．注意干预的生态效度以及学科跨领域的合作。     

汶川震后心理危机的早期干预：文献综述与评价

汶川抗震救灾的经验表明：震后相当比例的人会出现心理应激障碍，对此应进行适当的早期心理干预，并以预防PTSD为主要目标，可采取心理急救、严重事件应激晤谈、认知行为疗法、眼动脱敏再加工技术等方法进行。     

心理社会治疗模式在老年个案中的运用及反思

本个案通过运用心理社会治疗模式和技巧，帮助案主面对现实，消除情绪困扰，适应养老机构环境，康复身体等，并达到了预期的效果。兹为对我国老年社会工作的发展提供参考。