Design of a language stimulation program for children suffering abuse

This article proposes an intervention program, designed specifically for children in residential care who suffer institutionalized abuse, aimed at stimulating their use of language. The objective of the intervention procedure is to improve children's linguistic competence and their socio-affective development, as well as to enable parents to communicate and interact effectively with their children. Several studies have focused on the difficulties children suffering from abuse have with verbal expression and other areas of development. The research stresses the need to set up intervention programs that can improve the linguistic and social competence of children suffering from abuse. With such children, there is a fundamental need to develop a competence that will encourage their adaptive social skills, which are basic skills for interacting socially and which encourage the pragmatic language function, a skill needed for relating to adults and solving interpersonal problems.     

A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for suicidal adolescents

Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people and rates of serious suicidal thoughts are even higher. Due to these high rates and potential harm to youth, effective interventions are necessary. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the impact of interventions designed for suicidal adolescents. Both quasi-experimental and experimental designs in the published and unpublished literature were included, and a total of 17 studies were located. According to meta-analysis, intervention group participants were slightly less likely to have suicidal and self-harm events than control group participants. However, when studies assessed outcome at a later period than immediately after intervention, experimental group participants were slightly more likely to have suicidal and self-harm events than control group participants. For studies that measured suicidal ideation at posttest, intervention group participants were slightly less likely to report suicidal ideation than control group participants, both at posttest and at follow-up. These contradictory findings are explored and discussed.     

灾害心理救助队伍建设的思考

灾害心理救助队伍在救灾中具有举足轻重的地位。该队伍能保证心理救助工作顺利而有效地开展。当前心理救助队伍仍存在数量不足、专业背景差异大及缺乏人员筛选标准等问题。加大对灾害心理救助者的培训,采取各种措施提高心理救助队伍的专业化水平以及建立协调统一的管理机制和科学的资格认定制度是灾害心理救助顺利开展的重要保证。     

Strengthening Social Work Approaches Through Advancing Knowledge of Early Childhood Intervention

Early childhood professionals—social workers, educators, speech therapists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, pediatricians, and others—create the foundation for a life-long duration of experiences that families, who have children with disabilities, will have with various professional groups. The nature of the early childhood interventionists' interaction, treatment, services or supports of the child and the attitudes conveyed to families during these critical early years may be a significant factor in the willingness of families and young adults to continue to pursue therapeutic and supportive services. With insights into early intervention best practices, social workers are likely to find themselves in a preferred position to plan appropriate family-focused intervention strategies that may encourage success and prevent complications or a worsening of specific initial conditions among children with disabilities.     

Success or failure? Interpreting and understanding the impact of interventions in four similar worksites

While many studies of interventions have focused on their content and immediate effects, less research has focused on the processes that may explain these effects. The purpose of this study was to show how process evaluation can be used to interpret the results of an intervention study in four industrial canteens in Denmark. Two canteens acted as intervention groups and two as comparison groups. Effects were measured by surveys before and after interventions, and observations and interviews were conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of processes. Analyses were conducted based on the responses from 118 employees. Results showed, contrary to expectations, improvements in working conditions and well-being in one intervention group and in one comparison group, whereas no improvements were found in the two remaining groups. Data from the process evaluation enabled a meaningful interpretation of these results, raising the possibility programme failure rather than theory failure, and thereby constituting an example of how process evaluation can shed light over the factors that may influence outcomes in controlled intervention studies.     

Responding to People Sleeping Rough: Dilemmas and Opportunities for Social Work

Abstract

Rough sleeping refers to the state of being literally without shelter or residing in shelter not fit for human habitation. People who sleep rough are thought to be a group who experience a range of complex problems in addition to their homelessness. Despite their small numbers relative to the broader homeless population, rough sleepers have been identified as a target group for policy and practice intervention. This article critically examines outreach responses directed toward people sleeping rough. Moving beyond traditional charity approaches or interventions that “move people on”, emerging models of “assertive outreach” have been implemented in Australia as part of broader strategies to reduce homelessness. Challenging the idea that assertive outreach is a shift from a social work approach, it is argued that interventions to actively end rough sleeping are consistent with social work principles. Indeed, this article takes it that social work must advocate for the provision of affordable housing as central to rough sleeping interventions. Housing not only enables people to achieve human dignity and worth, but the linking of housing with outreach responses to rough sleepers will facilitate a trusting and effective working relationship.     

正式工和实习生:企业群际问题探析

在国家扶持政策和高校工学结合体制共同影响下,越来越多的高校在校生奔赴企业参加社会实践,形成实习生群体。目前,企业的正式工迫于资源占有需要,建构出"你-我"的话语分类体系,逐渐将实习生和正式工区隔出"你"和"我"的不同范畴。实习生在正式工排斥下,呈现出情感内卷化以加强群内团结,在外部形成与正式工群体的对立关系。最终,两个群体彼此隔阂,形成边界明晰的"内/外"群体。     

企业基层大学生工作者心理失衡与社会工作干预——对某企业基层大学生工作者S的个案研究

大学毕业生从事企业基层工作是非常普遍的现象,而这些在企业基层工作的大学生,尤其是刚就业的大学生员工普遍存在着一系列的心理失衡现象。本文通过分析基层工作者S的个案,全面了解了案主心理失衡的原因,采用社会工作中的个案和小组的专业工作方法进行介入和干预,不仅帮助案主解决了他在工作中的心理失衡问题,同时也为预防其他员工此类问题的产生提供了良好的经验。     

Interpolation,outliers mid inverse autocorrelations

The paper addresses the problem of estimating missing observations in an infinite realization of a linear, possibly nonstationary, stochastic processes when the model is known. The general case of any possible distribution of missing observations in the time series is considered, and analytical expressions for the optimal estimators and their associated mean squared errors are obtained. These expressions involve solely the elements of the inverse or dual autocorrelation function of the series.

This optimal estimator -the conditional expectation of the missing observations given the available ones- is equal to the estimator that results from filling the missing values in the series with arbitrary numbers, treating these numbers as additive outliers, and removing with intervention analysis the outlier effects from the invented numbers.