Comparison of causal effect estimators under exposure misclassification

Over the past decades, various principles for causal effect estimation have been proposed, all differing in terms of how they adjust for measured confounders: either via traditional regression adjustment, by adjusting for the expected exposure given those confounders (e.g., the propensity score), or by inversely weighting each subject's data by the likelihood of the observed exposure, given those confounders. When the exposure is measured with error, this raises the question whether these different estimation strategies might be differently affected and whether one of them is to be preferred for that reason. In this article, we investigate this by comparing inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) estimators and doubly robust estimators for the exposure effect in linear marginal structural mean models (MSM) with G-estimators, propensity score (PS) adjusted estimators and ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators for the exposure effect in linear regression models. We find analytically that these estimators are equally affected when exposure misclassification is independent of the confounders, but not otherwise. Simulation studies reveal similar results for time-varying exposures and when the model of interest includes a logistic link.     

对加强高校公选课教学管理的思考

公共选修课是高校课程体系中的重要组成部分,但是在实际教学管理过程中存在着课程开设门数少,类别比例失衡、学生对公选课的重视程度不够、教师课堂管理不严、教学监控难以到位等方面的问题,通过对上述问题的深入分析,提出了转变思想观念,营造全校师生重视公选课的氛围、学校应加大投入,积极建设公选课的优秀课程、科学构建公共选修课课程体系、完善网络选课管理,加强对学生选课的指导、完善公共选修课教学质量监控体系等解决方法、措施,以确保公选课教学质量的进一步提高。     

留日学生日本就业问题初探

留日中国学生在日本就业数位居外国留学生日本就业数之首。然而,其就业概况却不甚明了。依据日本法务省入国管理局公布的资料,挖掘出有关中国的数据,在理清留日学生的就业签证类别、就职行业、月薪报酬、就业区域及就职企业规模等基本现状的基础上,分析了就业后经济利益、职业经验、技能等全方位收益情况及工作中面临的棘手问题,以期今后对留日学生就业及中国学生的日本留学选择提供一点借鉴。     

审视与优化:对微博问政现象的反思

微博问政是在新的网络环境下公民对于行政权力与行政行为的一种监督方式。首先基于社会结构分析范式,运用精英理论、政策过程理论等理论工具,论述微博问政内在逻辑与具体作用;其次结合案例总结当前微博问政的现状、特点及存在的一些问题;最后探讨了完善微博问政的思路。     

Emotion Knowledge, Social Competence, and Behavior Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-analytic Review

The present meta-analytic review examined the magnitude of the relation between discrete emotion knowledge and three of its most commonly studied correlates in childhood and adolescence: social competence, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Emotion knowledge demonstrated small to medium-sized relations with each correlate. Moderators of effect size were also examined and included multiple sample and methodological characteristics. Using random effects models, significant moderators of effect size for relations between emotion knowledge and externalizing problems included sample recruitment, sample age, and the source of externalizing problems ratings. Moderators of effect size were not found for emotion knowledge and social competence, and the effect sizes across samples for emotion knowledge and internalizing problems were homogeneous. Results highlight the relatively consistent yet modest relations between emotion knowledge and its correlates. Implications for applied research and new directions for research on emotion knowledge using innovative methods are discussed.     

A future for the humanities?

The future of the humanities is an extremely complex question as it bears upon the status of a particular form of knowledge in society, the flexibility of a set of academic disciplines and institutions, the openness of political leaders to changing conceptions of education, and a host of other difficult issues. In order to illuminate these problems, it is necessary to focus upon the peculiar character of humanistic knowledge, why such insight is indispensable to individual and collective self-understanding, how the humanities as they are conventionally practised contribute to their own malaise and why the humanities must be accorded pride of place among the studies of human action. There is, in fact, a considerable demand for humanistic knowledge and the fruit of humanistic scholarship in our technological culture, especially in the area of adult education. The discussion ends with several examples of various ways in which that demand is being met.     

News

U. S. National Income Series Revised—Congress Votes No on Censuses of Business and Manufactures—Britain Revises Living Cost Index-U. S. and U. K. Surveys Uncover Lacks in Statistical Training-Forthcoming Statistical Conferences     

Fast and Stable Algorithms for Computing and Sampling From the Noncentral Hypergeometric Distribution

Although the noncentral hypergeometric distribution underlies conditional inference for 2 × 2 tables, major statistical packages lack support for this distribution. This article introduces fast and stable algorithms for computing the noncentral hypergeometric distribution and for sampling from it. The algorithms avoid the expensive and explosive combinatorial numbers by using a recursive relation. The algorithms also take advantage of the sharp concentration of the distribution around its mode to save computing time. A modified inverse method substantially reduces the number of searches in generating a random deviate. The algorithms are implemented in a Java class, Hypergeometric, available on the World Wide Web.     

Children's Behavior Problems in Single-Parent and Married-Parent Families

Abstract

A model integrating prevailing perspectives on children's functioning following divorce was used to predict children's behavior problems. The data were collected from 30 custodial mothers, 30 custodial fathers, and 30 married parents with children 6 to 10 years of age, using face-to-face interviews and standardized questionnaires. Results using path analysis indicated that marital status and parental control had significant direct effects on children's behavior problems. Sex of parent, economic strain, co-parental conflict, coping with roles, and parenting indirectly influenced children's behavior through parental control. The findings suggest that the pressures inherent in raising a child alone, combined with too few resources for coping with role demands, are disruptive to both parenting and parental control, and that children in single-parent families appear to respond to these deficits with disruptive behaviors. Implications for family practice and policy are discussed.     

易卜生作品在中国的流传及其影响

易卜生作品“五四”时期传入中国 ,很快在中国的思想文化界产生巨大影响 ,其社会问题剧契合了当时中国社会的需要 ,有助于民众的思想启蒙和反封建斗争的开展。易氏的作品为新文学的发展开拓了新的题材领域和输入了新的表现手法 ,它所描绘的批判社会、反叛传统的艺术形象为铸造中国知识分子的现代品格提供了范本