高校科研经费管理中存在的问题及对策研究

近些年来,我国高校科研经费大幅度增长,科研项目种类日益繁多,给科研经费的管理提出了新的挑战。目前,我国高校科研经费管理中存在着各地各校虽宽严不一,但模式相同,缺乏区别管理,相关部门和责任人各自为政等问题。究其原因是责任意识缺乏和制度建设滞后。解决这些问题的根本出路是通过宣传教育提升相关部门和行为主体的责任意识。有效措施是实行区别管理制度,强化相关职能部门和课题责任人之间的沟通与协调,采取适度灵活的管理政策,有区别地适当提高项目组成员劳务费比重,实行项目主持人责任制。     

城市社区图书馆发展问题探析

社区图书馆在城市社区文化建设中发挥着重要作用,然而由于我国社区图书馆事业起步较晚,经验不足,在建设和发展的进程中还存在许多不足之处,文章详细列举了目前我国社区图书馆普遍存在的问题并阐述了应对策略。     

On being unreasonable in modern society: are mental health problems special?

There are many grounds for arguing that people with a range of disabilities have more in common than they have differences. However, those grounds to date have not resulted in a unified social movement. This paper examines one possible reason for that lack of unity: the particular force of being unreasonable in modern society. However, being unreasonable is not limited to those with a psychiatric diagnosis, nor does a lack or loss of reason take a simple common form within that group: it is a highly nuanced and context-specific matter. This complexity is discussed in relation to a set of inter-related questions about legalism, morality and post-enlightenment concerns with order and rationality. The paper concludes with a discussion of scenarios available to new social movements concerned with disability.     

Building,Engaging, and Sustaining a Continuum of Care From Harm Reduction to Recovery Support: The Rutgers Alcohol and Other Drug Assistance Program

Since 1983, the focus of the Rutgers Alcohol and Other Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) has been developing policies, training staff to identify students at risk, developing and implementing evidence-based screening and brief interventions, providing short-term counseling by professionals trained in alcohol and other drug abuse to assist students beyond brief interventions, identifying effective treatment for college students, developing a campus recovery program, on-campus recovery housing, and other supports for students in recovery. This article presents a case study of the Rutgers ADAP program, of building and sustaining a program committed to engaging students in both evidence-based risk reduction interventions and an on-campus recovery community given their stage of change and motivation to make changes. Historical milestones are described as part of a creative model for intervention. We identify the challenges of integrating substance abuse recovery into campus mental health programs, and of integrating recovery into other university communities.     

Reciprocal relationships between psychosocial work characteristics and sleep problems: A two-wave study

Sleep problems are common and impair the health and productivity of employees. Work characteristics constitute one possible cause of sleep problems, and sleeping poorly might influence wellbeing and performance at work. This study examines the reciprocal associations between sleep problems and psychosocial work characteristics. The participants were 1744 full-time employed individuals (56% women; mean age 38 years in 2007) from the Young Finns study who responded to questionnaires on work characteristics (conceptualised by the demand–control model and effort–reward imbalance model) and sleep problems (Jenkins Sleep Scale) in 2007 and 2012. Cross-lagged structural equation models are used to examine the associations. The results show that low control and low rewards at baseline predicted sleep problems. Baseline sleep problems predicted higher effort, higher effort–reward imbalance, and lower reward. Sleep problems also predicted lower odds for belonging to the low (rather than high) job strain group and active jobs group. The association between work characteristics and sleep problems appears to be reciprocal, with a stressful work environment increasing sleep problems, and sleep problems influencing future work characteristics. The results emphasise the importance of interventions aimed at both enhancing sleep quality and reducing psychosocial risks at work.     

城市空巢老人养老中存在的问题及对策——以苏州为个案

文章以2008年苏州市区老年空巢家庭状况的调查资料为基础,分析了城市空巢老人养老中面临的主要问题,并提出了解决这些问题的对策建议。研究发现,苏州城市空巢老人养老中面临的问题主要有：存在一部分经济相对困难的空巢老人,生病没有钱治是空巢老人最担心的问题之一,空巢老人的社区照料服务需求没有得到很好的满足,部分空巢老人缺乏精神慰藉等等。针对城市空巢老人生活中存在的问题,文章提出了相应的对策建议。     

地方高职院校师资队伍建设中存在的问题与对策

本文对地方高职院校师资队伍建设中存在的问题与对策加以论述。     

我国社会组织治理存在的突出矛盾与化解之策

随着我国政府改革的不断深入,社会组织承接了更多政府转移的职能从而获得了更多的发展空间,在公共服务领域发挥着越来越重要的作用并日益成为人们社会生活中不可或缺的重要组织形式.但是社会组织自身的发展仍处在初级阶段,我国社会组织的治理仍存在许多突出矛盾和问题,培育发展社会组织必须要首先解决其有效治理的问题.完善我国社会组织治理的途径主要包括:完善相关法律法规;完善社会组织的治理机制,返还部分社会管理职能;创建高素质的工作人员队伍,完善其内部管理机制;建立社会组织强制性信息公开制度.     

从大学生英语写作错误看大学英语写作教学

通过对大学生英语写作中存在的典型错误所进行的实证分析,发现一些共性的问题。这些问题在一定程度上反映出我国大学英语写作教学的现状,需引起广大英语教师的注意。     

宁夏新农村信息化建设的基本经验与存在的问题

2007年9月,国家信息化工作办公室将宁夏正式列为全国第一个国家级社会主义新农村信息化工作省域试点,宁夏的农村信息化建设也被列为自治区的”民生工程”;2008年9月,宁夏又被列为全国第一个社会主义新农村信息化省域示范点。但是,宁夏的农村信息化同时也存在着一些问题。本文从研究宁夏新农村信息化的经验入手,深入系统地分析农村信息化发展中存在的问题,对于不断完善宁夏农村信息化工作、推进宁夏新农村建设具有重要现实意义。