Differentiating Processes of Control and Understanding in the Early Development of Emotion and Cognition

In this study, we examined the hypothesis that preschoolers' performance on emotion and cognitive tasks is organized into discrete processes of control and understanding within the domains of emotion and cognition. Additionally, we examined the relations among component processes using mother report, behavioral observation, and physiological measures of emotion control. Participants were 263 children (42 percent non‐White) and their mothers. Results indicated that the three approaches of measuring emotion control were unrelated. Regardless of the measurement method, a four‐factor solution differentiating emotion control and understanding and cognitive control and understanding fits the data better than did either of two two‐factor models, one based on domains of emotion and cognition across processes, and one based on processes of control and understanding across domains. Results of this research replicate those of Leerkes et al. in describing a differentiated underlying structure of emotion and cognition processes in early childhood while also extending these conclusions across samples and across measurement approaches for assessing emotion control.     

“按说”的话语标记性及语篇功能

按说是一个话语标记,它通常关联三个语篇单位:A.陈述某个事实依据;B.依照常理推导出一个结论命题;C.陈述与此命题相反的另一事实。按说具有表示推测的传信功能,可靠性等级居中。在语篇中,有衔接AB和BC的功能,常常能起到承上启下的作用。     

Criticism of the predictive distribution

The predictive distribution is a mixture of the original distribution model and is used for predicting a future observation. Therein, the mixing distribution is the posterior distribution of the distribution parameters in the Bayesian inference. The mixture can also be computed for the frequentist inference because the Bayesian posterior distribution has the same meaning as a frequentist confidence interval. I present arguments against the concept of predictive distribution. Examples illustrate these. The most important argument is that the predictive distribution can depend on the parameterization. An improvement of the theory of the predictive distribution is recommended.     

Hazards regression for freemium products and services: a competing risks approach

We propose a competing risks approach to analyse customer behaviours in freemium products and services. The event of interest is when a customer starts to pay for additional features or functionalities. The observation of such an event may be preempted by an event where the customer quits using the product before paying and consuming the additional features or functionalities. One such freemium service is the online game category. The Fine-Gray regression model was implemented for an online game player activity data to study how covariates affect the paying hazard. Some covariates are hypothesized to have different discrete effects at multiple change points. We extend the model to allow for possible change points in the analysis.     

中国古代书院建筑初探

本文在查考大量相关历史文献的基础上，对我国古代书院类型、功能、组成要素、建筑布 局和环境特色作出了初步研究。     

主题、焦点与主题焦点

文章主要考察了主题、焦点与主题焦点这三个语言学概念。作者提出主题是一个句法概念,其基础生成于小句首的位置。而焦点是一个话语功能的概念,其只能附加在非主题成分上,所谓主题焦点,只是具有对比功能的主题,与同时具有突出功能的焦点不宜混为一谈。     

色彩的魅力——建筑色彩初探

建筑与色彩是不可分割的艺术整体。优秀的建筑作品,其色彩的处理对于建筑本身往往起到画龙点睛的作用。文章着重从艺术的角度,对建筑色彩的作用、功能、特点和效果进行探讨,希望能在建筑设计教学中引起重视。     

不完全要素市场对收入分配的影响研究

迅速扩大的收入分配差距已经成为影响社会和谐的一个主要问题,要素市场的不完全性在收入分配差距不合理扩大的过程中起到了至关重要的作用,这就需要通过完善要素市场来公平收入分配。     

政府职能转变分析

政府职能转变是政府机构改革的前提。当前政府职能转变还有不少困难需要克服。由于政府机构仍然膨胀，政企、政事、政社不分严重存在，政府职能转变举步维艰。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的，包括旧体制的惯性制约、政府自身利益的制约和过渡时期本身等。改变这种状况，重点是对政府角色重新定位，关键在于理顺各种关系，而政府职能协调发展则为巩固政府职能转变成果的保证。     

Acute Middle Ear Infection in Small Children: A Bayesian Analysis Using Multiple Time Scales

The study is based on a sample of 965 children living in Oulu region (Finland), who were monitored for acute middle ear infections from birth to the age of two years. We introduce a nonparametrically defined intensity model for ear infections, which involves both fixed and time dependent covariates, such as calendar time, current age, length of breast-feeding time until present, or current type of day care. Unmeasured heterogeneity, which manifests itself in frequent infections in some children and rare in others and which cannot be explained in terms of the known covariates, is modelled by using individual frailty parameters. A Bayesian approach is proposed to solve the inferential problem. The numerical work is carried out by Monte Carlo integration (Metropolis-Hastings algorithm).