Towards an affirmative public domain

Two competing and yet complementary philosophical concepts form the foundation for the legal protection of intellectual property – ‘competing’ in that created works protected by copyright are unavailable for unrestricted use by others as a result of the economic monopoly given to the works’ owners, and ‘complementary’ in that the presumption is that works no longer protected by copyright serve as the basis for the creation of new copyrightable works. These unprotected works comprise the ‘public domain,’ which has never been affirmatively defined. In Golan v. Holder (2012), the US Supreme Court concluded that such a realm is constitutionally unimportant. This research contends, however, that the Court's decision is incorrect, that Golan, federal legislation, and international treaties threaten to bring larger and larger portions of cultural and intellectual content under the control of a property regime that does not understand the contradiction inherent in the notion of absolute property rights in intangible goods. The result is that the public domain is under tremendous pressure from those entities which have the most to gain from expanded authorial rights and from a weakened and less inclusive public domain. Citizens thus will have fewer rights to access and freely use their culture as they choose. The eventual significance of this evolution will be that further creativity and innovation will be stifled, the opposite of the intention of intellectual property law. In this article, we develop an affirmative definition of the public domain, which we believe will correct the imbalance in current intellectual property law.     

集体耕作制时期农村人口增长分析

通过文献参阅,运用现代经济学和社会学相关理论和方法,探索性地分析集体耕作制时期,农地产权残缺、社会的高度封闭性及平均分配主义的影响和中国农村人口的快速增长。改革开放30年来,影响中国农村人口快速增长的诸因素和人口低生育水平反弹的压力基本消除。面对人口长期负惯性增长的新趋势,中国应及时调整生育政策。     

Limits to “Jewish power”: how Slovak Jewish leaders negotiated restitution of property after the Second World War

This article examines how Jewish leaders in post-war Slovakia negotiated the restitution of property with the legislative and executive powers in Bratislava and Prague. The Jewish leaders were affiliated with two Slovak Jewish organisations founded in 1945: the Central Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Slovakia (Ústredný sväz ?idovských nábo?enských obci na Slovensku, ÚS?NO) and the Organisation of Victims of Racial Persecution at the Hands of the Fascist Regime in Bratislava (Sdru?enie fa?istickým re?imom rasovo prenasledovaných v Bratislave, SRP). The Secretary General of the SRP, Dr Vojtech Winterstein, was the main voice negotiating and promoting the interests of the post-war Jewish community. His invaluable collection of documents – the Winterstein collection – provides the source base for this article.     

对晋商劳动力激励制度的两点思考

明清晋商为调动其劳动力的积极性采取了一套特别的激励制度,时称顶身股制。深入分析该制度对我国目前企业管理制度的改进具有一定启发意义。在晋商顶身股制度下,让员工参与企业未来权益分配的思路可以给我们以参考,但必须视企业发展阶段选择适当的薪酬性激励手段。总之,认清形势,适时而动才是现代企业应付激烈市场竞争的不败法则。     

私有财产:哲学批判的根据和哲学革命的起点--《1844年经济学哲学手稿》最后一部分解读

在《18 4 4年经济学哲学手稿》的最后 ,马克思转向对黑格尔哲学的批判 ,马克思批判黑格尔哲学的根据事实上就是他在前面所做的对私有财产的批判 ,而这样做之所以可能的更为深刻的前提是私有财产同黑格尔哲学有着根本性的联系。对私有财产所做的批判 ,不仅使黑格尔哲学的根本局限性得以暴露 ,从而使对黑格尔哲学的批判得以完成 ;并且为哲学革命的发生 ,即感性对象性活动理论的创立提供了全部根据。     

绿色食品信息、价值属性对绿色购买行为影响实证研究

根据EKB模型、H-S模型和消费价值模型,结合绿色食品自身特征,构建了绿色信息传播、绿色产品属性、消费者购买行为3个构面的模型。通过问卷调查,分析了绿色信息传播和绿色产品属性的直接关系程度,以及绿色信息传播、绿色产品属性对消费者购买行为的影响。主要研究结论：绿色信息传播对绿色产品属性有普遍直接影响,绿色信息传播、绿色产品价值属性对消费者购买行为有直接影响。     

The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes

In this article, we attempt to extend and nuance the debate on intellectual property (IP) strategy, appropriation, and open innovation in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. We present the case of four generations of mobile telecommunications systems (covering the period 1980–2015), and describe and analyze the co-evolution of strategic IP management and innovation ecosystems. Throughout this development, technologies and technological relationships were governed with different and shifting degrees of formality. Simultaneously, firms differentiated technology accessibility across actors and technologies to benefit from openness and appropriation of innovation. Our analysis shows that the discussion of competitiveness and appropriability needs to be expanded from the focal appropriability regime and complementary assets to the larger context of the innovation ecosystem and its cooperative and competitive actor relations, with dispersed complementary and substitute assets and technologies. Consequently, the shaping of complementary and substitute appropriability regimes is central when strategizing in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. This holds important implications for the management of open innovation, innovation ecosystems, platforms, and coopetition.     

合作研发中知识产权风险对合作行为影响的研究

知识产权风险已成为合作研发企业所面临的三大风险之首,因此,本文采用结构方程模型(SEM)结合243家企业的有效调研数据,实证分析了知识产权风险对企业合作行为的影响作用,并有助于企业在合作中针对所面临知识产权风险类型的不同来采用不同的措施进行动态防范。