奴役还是监禁：监狱矫正功能质疑——兼论刑罚的执行

随着刑罚观的改变,作为刑罚执行重要场域的监狱,其功能也在逐步转变,矫正成为现代监狱的核心功能。然而,矫正功能具有正反两方面的内容,必须加以区分。体制化后的监狱并不能真正有效的发挥矫正功能。文章从美国电影《肖申克的救赎》所反映的问题出发,分析了矫正功能的发挥必须具备的前提条件,以及应当注意的问题。同时,对我国监狱改革进行了反思。     

Silphids in urban forests: Diversity and function

Many ecologists have examined the process of how urbanization reduces biological diversity but rarely have its ecological consequences been assessed. We studied forest-dwelling burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)—a guild of insects that requires carrion to complete their life cycles—along an urban-rural gradient of land use in Maryland. Our objective was to determine how forest fragmentation associated with urbanization affects (1) beetle community diversity and structure and (2) the ecological function provided by these insects, that is, decomposition of vertebrate carcasses. Forest fragmentation strongly reduced burying beetle diversity and abundance, and did so far more pervasively than urbanization of the surrounding landscape. The likelihood that beetles interred experimental baits was a direct, positive function of burying beetle diversity. We conclude that loss of burying beetle diversity resulting from forest fragmentation could have important ecological consequences in urban forests.     

论新时期我国图书馆的服务功能与服务方式

新时期 ,新形势。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立 ,加入 WTO而融入世界经济发展大循环以及知识经济时代的到来 ,我国图书馆面临前所未有的机遇与挑战 ,要求图书馆要适应这种形势的变化 ,提供新的服务功能并采取新的服务方式。     

关于规范"知识经济"的前提条件--试与叶险明先生商榷

知识经济是以知识为基础的经济，它不仅作为一种人们对现代科学技术革命所造就的生产力发展的程度及其趋势窥视，展望和预见的标示，而且是一种把知识视为可以市场化的主导性社会资源的新经济形态，规范这种新经济形态的现实基础。不仅要在现代科学技术革命所带来年 技术工具性的变化中去寻找，更重要的，还应在由此所推进的人的主体性的提升和人类社会经济组织方式的变勒中去寻找，要科学地规范“知识经济”这一崭新的经济形态，不应该用某种预设的“偏好”设置种种“障眼法”来误导理论，而应该以尊重有这种新经济形态的“是然”观察为前提条件。     

西方财政分权理论及启示

在推进市场经济发展过程中,处理好政府之间的财政关系十分重要。改善政府间财政关系,必然涉及到政府间财政权限的集中与分散的处理问题。在实行市场经济体制和分级财政体制的西方国家里,财政分权理论受到广泛重视,这些理论为建立分级财政体制和强调地方政府的职能作用提供了充分的根据和充足的理由,也为我们处理好政府间的财政关系提供了有益的启迪。     

太极拳对维护人类健康的功效

根据文献资料来分析人类面临的健康危机,谈太极拳对人体健康的积极作用。研究表明,当今人类面临的健康危机是由多方面因素造成的,而太极拳对维护人类健康却有着特殊的功效。     

对执行定位、执行不能和执行规范的法律思考

执行工作是法律赋予人民法院的职能,应严格按照民事诉讼的立法精神和立法原则展开,体现出救济性、中立性和被动性;执行不能是申请执行人对其经营风险的延续,是申请执行人应当自行承担的后果和责任;人民法院的执行工作要淡化职权色彩、强化法定程序、完善执行监督。     

Weak disintegrability as a form of preservation of coherence

Summary Weak disintegrations are investigated from various points of view. Kolmogorov's definition of conditional probability is critically analysed, and it is noted how the notion of disintegrability plays some role in connecting Kolmogorov's definition with the one given in line with de Finetti's coherence principle. Conditions are given, on the domain of a prevision, implying the equivalence between weak disintegrability and conglomerability. Moreover, weak sintegrations are characterized in terms of coherence, in de Finetti's sense, of, a suitable function. This fact enables us to give, an interpretation of weak disintegrability as a form of “preservation of coherence”. The previous results are also applied to a hypothetical inferential problem. In particular, an inference is shown to be coherent, in the sense of Heath and Sudderth, if and only if a suitable function is coherent, in de Finetti's sense. Research partially supported by: M.U.R.S.T. 40% “Problemi di inferenza pura”.     

Modified cross-validation in density estimation

We propose a new modified (biased) cross-validation method for adaptively determining the bandwidth in a nonparametric density estimation setup. It is shown that the method provides consistent minimizers. Some simulation results are reported on which compare the small sample behavior of the new and the classical cross-validation selectors.     

密度分布非均匀的反馈控制Logistic单种群模型平衡态的稳定性

本文对种群密度在非均匀分布情形下,考虑了具反馈控制的滞后 Logistic 生态模型平衡位置的稳定性;分别给出了在常时滞和弱连续时滞以及强连续时滞情况下的稳定性条件;其结果是对 Gopalsamy 在密度均匀分布情形下相应结果的推广.