Designing an economically optimal repetitive group-sampling plan based on loss functions

Acceptance sampling is a quality assurance tool, which provides a rule for the producer and the consumer to make acceptance or rejection decision about a lot. This paper attempts to develop a more efficient sampling plan, variables repetitive group sampling plan, based on the total loss to the producer and consumer. To design this model, two constraints are considered to satisfy the opposing priorities and requirements of the producer and the consumer by using Acceptable quality level (AQL) and Limiting quality level (LQL) points on operating characteristic (OC) curve. The objective function of this model is constructed based on the total expected loss. In order to illustrate the application of the proposed model, an example is presented. In addition, the effects of process parameters on the optimal solution and the total expected loss are studied by performing a sensitivity analysis. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed model is compared with the variables single sampling plan, the variables double sampling plan and the repetitive group sampling plan of Balamurali and Jun (2006) in terms of average sample number, total expected loss and its difference with ideal OC curve.     

逆向供应链的非合作代价分析

小微企业不仅是推动中国经济发展的重要力量,也对中国民生具有重要意义。然而,目前中国大部分小微企业生存状况并不乐观,这一现实矛盾引发了大量学者的研究兴趣。但已有关于新创小微企业营销绩效的研究被割裂从属为创业研究和营销研究两个领域,一方面,创业研究者过多地强调新创小微企业的新创弱性,忽视了企业因为新创可能具有的优势特征对企业绩效的积极影响;另一方面,新创小微企业因其特殊的组织结构和管理方式导致以成熟大中型企业为研究对象的传统营销理论部分失灵。因此,缺乏专门针对新创小微企业营销绩效的系统研究。 从顾客合法性感知视角出发,整合创业领域的新创企业特征理论和营销领域的市场导向理论,以工具-象征框架为理论框架,构建新创小微企业营销绩效影响因素的系统模型。利用中国4个城市的629家新创小微企业的问卷调查数据,采用结构方程模型方法开展实证检验。研究结果表明,充分利用新创企业资产和实施市场导向是新创小微企业提升营销绩效的两种有效途径。新创企业资产对新创小微企业意义尤其重大,它不仅对新创小微企业营销绩效具有显著的直接影响,还通过提升顾客关于企业的适应合法性感知给新创小微企业营销绩效带来积极影响;竞争导向对新创小微企业的营销绩效具有直接积极影响,也以顾客的适应合法性感知为部分中介对营销绩效产生间接影响;顾客导向对顾客的创新合法性认知有积极作用,但顾客导向和顾客的创新合法性认知对新创小微企业的营销绩效没有显著影响。 关注顾客合法性感知对新创小微企业的重要意义,从顾客感知视角提供了新创小微企业战略选择的方向,研究结果对于新创小微企业改善和提升营销绩效实践提供了新的视角和方向。     

Price Manipulation and Quasi‐Arbitrage

In an environment where trading volume affects security prices and where prices are uncertain when trades are submitted, quasi‐arbitrage is the availability of a series of trades that generate infinite expected profits with an infinite Sharpe ratio. We show that when the price impact of trades is permanent and time‐independent, only linear price‐impact functions rule out quasi‐arbitrage and thus support viable market prices. When trades have also a temporary price impact, only the permanent price impact must be linear while the temporary one can be of a more general form. We also extend the analysis to a time‐dependent framework.     

有优先级话音业务的PPRMA协议性能分析

研究了ＰＲＭＡ（分组预约多址协议）中话音业务具有多种优先级的情况,采用平衡点分析法（ＥＰＡ）推导了话音分组丢失率和平均延迟时间的计算式。给出的计算和仿真结果表明,ＰＲＭＡ可以支持ＶＢＲ语音和低速数据业务的综合传输,但当系统中有多种优先级别的语音终端时,系统容量存在门限效应。     

Bounds to Memory Loss

If we express our knowledge in sentences, we will find that these sentences are linked in complex patterns governed by our observations and our inferences from these observations. These inferences are to a large extent driven by logical rules. We ask whether the structure logic imposes on our knowledge restricts what we forget and what we remember. The model is a two period S5 logic. In this logic, we propose a memory loss operator: the agent forgets a sentence pif and only if he knows pat time 1 and he does not know pat time 2. Equipped with the operator, we prove theorems on the relation between knowledge and memory loss. The main results point to classes of formulas that an agent cannot forget, and classes of formulas he must forget. A desirable feature is that most results hold in the S4 logic. The results illustrate bounds to memory loss, and thus to bounded rationality. We apply the model to single-agent conventions: conventions made between an agent and himself.     

Modelling Variability in the Branching Structure of Strawberry Inflorescences

The branching structure of inflorescences of the cultivated strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is very variable. This paper demonstrates that some aspects of this variability are well described by a simple stochastic model of branching that has two adjustable parameters. The model is shown to provide a good fit to data from a set of almost 700 inflorescences of the cultivar Elsanta, collected over two successive years. For one parameter the maximum likelihood estimator is a moment estimator which is fully efficient even if the detailed branching structure of the inflorescences is not recorded. This parameter provides a convenient summary of branching vigour. The maximum likelihood estimator of the second parameter must be determined iteratively and can be quite inefficient unless the full branching structure is recorded. The model demonstrates that branching structure is affected by the order in which inflorescences emerge on the plant.     

助学贷款制度的机制缺失与对策——以生源地信用助学贷款为例

作为我国助学贷款制度重要组成部分的生源地信用助学贷款,对于有效解决家庭经济困难大学生上学难、实现教育公平具有重要意义,但主体缺失、制度缺损、信用缺失等问题已成为生源地信用助学贷款实施过程中严重的障碍,建立高效率的银政合作机制,以弥补监督机制的缺失、完善风险管理制度建设、加强信用建设体系发展等,有助于生源地信用助学贷款的良性发展。     

《侵权责任法》第16条之我见——对残疾赔偿金与死亡赔偿金的解读

《侵权责任法》第22条规定了精神抚慰金,第16条规定了残疾赔偿金与死亡赔偿金,而没有规定被扶养人的抚养费请求权。由于＂两金＂在性质上属于精神抚慰金,所以,＂两金＂与精神抚慰金不得主张;尽管＂两金＂与被扶养人的抚养费性质不同,理论上似乎可以并用,但由于＂两金＂在赔偿标准上采取了＂遗失利益损害赔偿＂的计算方法,使对受害人及其家庭的救济达到了如同没有发生侵权损害一样,所以,被扶养人的抚养费亦不可以与＂两金＂并用。     

城市水土保持生态建设思路与对策--以南京市为例

本文首先介绍了南京市自然概况,并对南京市城市水土流失的现状和特点进行分析,提出以科学发展观和可持续发展理念作为城市水土保持的指导思想。在划定城市水土保持范围的基础上,对城市水土保持的具体内容及其保障措施作了详尽的阐述。     

上市商业银行资本充足率影响因素实证分析

以中国A股上市的16家商业银行2005—2013年的财务年度数据为研究样本,实证检验商业银行会计政策、财务政策对资本充足率的影响。实证检验的结果表明,银行的管理者可能利用会计政策（计提贷款损失准备金）和财务政策（股利变化）来操控资本充足率;当管理者需要提高资本充足率水平时,会提高计提贷款损失准备金,同时,分配股利虽然会消耗部分利润,但能给企业带来更多资本;计提贷款损失准备金和股利变化对于资本充足率的影响具有互补关系。