英语文化在翻译中的失落和不达

文化是人类世代积累的经验并且具有鲜明的民族性,这给翻译及其跨文化交际带来了障碍。从英汉语言的不同文化语境功效、英语词语意义范围在发展中的扩大或缩小、译者特定的目的和习语的文化内涵等方面去探讨一些英语文化现象在翻译中的失落和不达的必然性,目的在于帮助人们在翻译中和跨文化交际中避免误导初学者和语用失误。     

Promoting a higher retirement age: A prospect‐theoretical approach

Demographic ageing and the necessity of raising the retirement age is one of the most frequently debated topics among European welfare policy experts. This study used prospect theory as developed in behavioural economics to explain public attitudes towards pension reforms. It argues that, in line with prospect theory, negative incentives are more useful in changing people's attitudes in favour of a higher statutory retirement age than are positive incentives. Therefore, in the case of increasing life expectancy, defined‐contribution schemes that apply actuarial formulae linking the level of starting monthly pension benefits to life expectancy are more useful in promoting a higher retirement age than conventional defined‐benefit schemes, which typically do not forge an automatic connection between longevity and starting pensions. The implications of prospect theory for attitudes towards pension reforms were tested using Eurobarometer survey data collected in 2004 and 2009 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia.     

No Lloro Pero me Acuerdo: Hidden Voices in a Psychological Model

Research on loss of land for Northern New Mexican Hispanos and clinical work with La Raza populations indicated a connection between past and present historical and psychological issues, motivating the development of the multidimensional model of Hispano attachment to and loss of land. The model, however, did not entirely capture the abuse leveled on Hispanos and lacked inclusion of similar experiences among other La Raza populations. This article exposes events embedded in the model—patterns, voices, and coping strategies—that provide a glimpse of more than 400 years of collective historical trauma sustained by La Raza and that is based on a Manifest Destiny colonization, beginning with the conquest of Mexico and running to current racial profiling. It also describes the evolution of the model to include the overarching La Raza population.     

The Loss Rank Criterion for Variable Selection in Linear Regression Analysis

Abstract. Lasso and other regularization procedures are attractive methods for variable selection, subject to a proper choice of shrinkage parameter. Given a set of potential subsets produced by a regularization algorithm, a consistent model selection criterion is proposed to select the best one among this preselected set. The approach leads to a fast and efficient procedure for variable selection, especially in high‐dimensional settings. Model selection consistency of the suggested criterion is proven when the number of covariates d is fixed. Simulation studies suggest that the criterion still enjoys model selection consistency when d is much larger than the sample size. The simulations also show that our approach for variable selection works surprisingly well in comparison with existing competitors. The method is also applied to a real data set.     

An Insurance Model for Risk Management of Process Facilities

Most existing risk management models for process industries do not consider the effect of insurance coverage, which results in an overestimation of overall risk. A model is presented in this article to study the effect of insurance coverage of health, safety, environmental, and business risks. The effect of insurance recovery is modeled through the application of adjustment factors by considering the stochastic factors affecting insurance recovery. The insurance contract's conditions, deductibles, and policy limits are considered in developing the insurance recovery adjustment factors. Copula functions and Monte Carlo simulations are used to develop the distribution of the aggregate loss by considering the dependence among loss classes. A case study is used to demonstrate both the practical application of the proposed insurance model to improve management decisions, and the mitigating effect of insurance to minimize the residual risk.     

Enhanced adaptive CUSUM charts for process mean

A statistical quality control chart is an important tool of the statistical process control, which is widely used to control and monitor a production process. The CUSUM chart is designed to detect a specific shift, provided that the shift size is known in advance. In practice, however, shift sizes are rarely known. It is then customary to use an adaptive CUSUM chart, which can effectively detect a range of shift sizes. In this paper, we enhance the sensitivities of the improved adaptive CUSUM mean charts using an auxiliary-information-based (AIB) mean estimator. The run length performances of the proposed charts are compared with those of the AIB adaptive and non-adaptive CUSUM charts in terms of the average run length (ARL), extra quadratic loss, and integral relative ARL. These run length comparisons reveal that the proposed charts are more sensitive than the existing charts when detecting different kinds of shift in the process mean. An example is given to demonstrate the implementation of existing and proposed charts.     

从哈代的抒情诗看哈代悲观主义的成因及表现

哈代生活的时代，社会正经历重大的变革。各种文学思潮、流派风起云涌，纷纷展现出奇炫的魅力。由于受叔本华等西方哲学家悲观主义的影响，加之工业文明对农业文明的侵蚀，科学发展所导致的科学信仰的动摇以及与妻子爱玛生活的不睦等原因，哈代的作品洋溢着浓重的悲剧色彩和伤感情调。本文从哈代悲观主义着眼，从社会变革、宗教、科学、哲学及个人经历等方面依次分析了哈代悲观主义产生的原因，并从众多抒情诗中拣选四首来例证其在诗歌中的表现。     

Introduction to the Special Issue: Mothers of children in foster care

This article introduces the special issue of Children and Youth Services Review devoted to single mothers with children in foster care. It delineates the policy context in which mothers are operating; examines reasons for mothers' temporary loss of custody of their children, a loss that occurs when their children are placed in foster care; presents expectations of mothers once they enter the public child welfare system; and summarizes empirical and theoretical papers included in the volume intended to advance policy and practice for this population. Taken together, these papers reflect one over-arching theme—the need to re-orient child welfare policy and practice so that the rehabilitation, health, and well-being of mothers is one of the central aims.     

公允价值会计准则变更的市场反应研究——基于亏损上市公司的经验证据

本文以自1998年6月以来我国公允价值会计准则的六次变更为研究背景,以A股亏损上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了公允价值会计准则变更的市场反应及其反应程度的影响因素。研究结果发现:公允价值会计准则的变更,能够影响亏损上市公司投资者的预期,产生比较显著的市场反应,允许使用公允价值计量属性的会计准则的颁布,会产生显著为正的市场反应,取消使用公允价值计量属性的会计准则的颁布,会产生显著为负的市场反应;上市公司的亏损年限、亏损程度与公允价值会计准则变更的市场反应程度显著正相关。     

新时期高校教师精神的缺失与重塑

教师的精神体现着一所大学的精神。然而,近年来,随着高校内部体制的深刻变革,教师精神出现了某种缺失,这种缺失极不利于教育事业的健康发展。文章就教师敬业、创新和人文精神缺失的现状及其原因进行了分析,并就重塑高校教师精神提出了相应的建议。