不同经济发展水平地区农民外出就业影响因素比较研究——基于苏中、苏北的实证分析

处在不同经济发展阶段和地区的农民外出就业的行为不同,且影响他们外出就业行为的主要因素也存在差别。实证分析表明,中等发达地区的农民外出就业的主要原因是家庭经营农地面积的减少和对农业依赖性的下降;而在经济欠发达地区,农民外出就业的根本原因是农业收入低,同时还受劳动力富余和教育负担重等因素的影响。     

农村留守老人生活满意状况考察

利用中国人民大学人口发展与研究中心2004年"农村子女外流对迁出地家庭养老的影响"抽样调查的数据,采用Logistic回归法,分析了影响留守老人生活满意状况的因素,定量考察了外出子女数量与留守老人生活满意状况的关系.研究结果表明,外出子女数量、留守老人自身的身体状况、家庭照料和赡养情况、是否感到孤独以及经济收入等因素对留守老人生活满意状况有显著影响,拥有更多子女外出的留守老人对生活满意的可能性要高于较少子女外出的留守老人.     

重建语境下的历史唯物主义——兼论哈贝马斯与马克思在历史观上的分歧

马克思从自由资本主义时期的社会历史状况出发创立了历史唯物主义。然而,在哈贝马斯眼里,马克思创立的历史唯物主义并不是真正的历史唯物主义。特别是随着资本主义社会从自由资本主义时期进入垄断阶段以后出现了一系列新变化,这些新变化导致马克思创立的历史唯物主义再也不能对晚期资本主义社会作出合理的解释,因此必须根据时代的发展变化,用交往行动理论重建历史唯物主义,使之成为一种社会进化论。但在重建过程中,他实际上曲解了历史唯物主义的基本理论,因此,他并没有真正重建历史唯物主义。     

新农村建设过程中农村剩余劳动力有效转移的途径和对策

农民收入增长缓慢的问题,可从资源禀赋、市场供求关系和产业结构变化等方面进行分析,而农村劳动力就业不充分则是其中的根本原因。我们可以在对制约着农村剩余劳动力顺利转移的因素进行全面研究的基础上,提供有效转移的途径,并改善其配套对策。     

油气双相流体的流量双参数测量

本文采用罗兹流量计和锐缘孔板组合对油-气双相流体进行了流量测量的试验研究。本次试验的干度范围为x=0.0011～0.7520,采用分相动量模型和修正能量模型进行数据整理,试验结果表明,在本次试验范围内,各项数据的均方根误差均小于10%;并且,采用动量模型整理数据的结果要优于修正能量模型。     

平台从业者劳动权益保障的“中间路径”--英国Uber案之借鉴

2021年2月,英国最高法院最终认定Uber司机属于英国立法上的类雇员。纵观Uber案,英国将平台从业者纳入类雇员这一中间保护类别,赋予其部分劳动权益,由此确立了这一群体劳动权益的保障路径。我国传统劳动关系二分法所采取的“要么全保护,要么不保护”已无法有效调整平台用工关系。对此,未来我国可借鉴英国经验,设立中间保护类别,并确定该类别的认定标准,将平台从业者纳入其调整范围,赋予这一群体最低工资、职业安全保障等基本权益。     

Is there a glass ceiling for ethnic minorities to enter leadership positions? Evidence from a field experiment with over 12,000 job applications

We conducted a field experiment to analyze if there is a glass ceiling for ethnic minorities entering leadership positions in organizations. We submitted over 12,000 job applications, to over 4,000 job advertisements, to investigate hiring discrimination against six ethnic groups for leadership positions. Drawing on implicit leadership theory, we argue that ethnic discrimination is particularly pronounced in the recruitment of leadership positions. The results confirm this hypothesis. For leadership positions, applicants with English names received 26.8% of positive responses for their job applications, while applicants with non-English names received 11.3% of positive responses. This means ethnic minorities received 57.4% fewer positive responses than applicants with English names for leadership positions despite identical resumes. For non-leadership positions, applicants with English names received 21.2% of positive responses for their job applications, while applicants with non-English names received 11.6% of positive responses. This means ethnic minorities received 45.3% fewer positive responses for non-leadership positions despite identical resumes. Ethnic discrimination for leadership positions was even more pronounced when the advertised job required customer contact. In contrast, hiring discrimination for leadership positions was not significantly influenced by whether the job advertisement emphasized individualism or learning, creativity, and innovation. Our findings provide novel evidence of a glass ceiling for ethnic minorities to enter leadership positions.     

Intersectoral Labor Mobility and the Growth of the Service Sector

One of the most striking changes in the U.S. economy over the past 50 years has been the growth in the service sector. Between 1950 and 2000, service‐sector employment grew from 57 to 75 percent of total employment. However, over this time, the real hourly wage in the service sector grew only slightly faster than in the goods sector. In this paper, we assess whether or not the essential constancy of the relative wage implies that individuals face small costs of switching sectors, and we quantify the relative importance of labor supply and demand factors in the growth of the service sector. We specify and estimate a two‐sector labor market equilibrium model that allows us to address these empirical issues in a unified framework. Our estimates imply that there are large mobility costs: output in both sectors would have been double their current levels if these mobility costs had been zero. In addition, we find that demand‐side factors, that is, technological change and movements in product and capital prices, were responsible for the growth of the service sector.     

When are acquisitions a viable catch-up strategy? Some empirical evidence from China

How emerging-market firms can catch up with forerunners from advanced economies is a key issue in the economic and technology literature. Research has suggested that acquisitions are a viable tool for firms in emerging markets to reduce the productivity gap with global leaders, but the empirical evidence on this matter is still far from conclusive. Contributing to this debate, this paper examines the impact of cross-border vs. domestic acquisitions on the labor productivity of firms across different sectoral environments. Studying the acquisitions pursued by Chinese listed firms over one decade, we find that cross-border acquisitions are positively associated with firms' labor productivity and that this effect is particularly strong in high-tech sectors and among leading firms. We also find that domestic acquisitions are positively associated with firms’ labor productivity and that this effect is particularly strong in low-tech sectors and among laggards. We further investigate the mechanisms underlying the acquisition–productivity link and contend that “technological innovation” is the primary mechanism by which acquisitions enhance firm productivity in high-tech sectors, whereas “enhancing operating efficiency” is the primary mechanism by which acquisitions enhance firm productivity in low-tech sectors.