Review and preview of productivity research and applications

During the last two decades, productivity research and applications have not been given adequate importance when trying to attain excellence in the management of manufacturing enterprises. Recent developments in managerial philosophies Total Quality Management and Business Process Re-engineering , manufacturing technologies Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, etc. and Information Technology innovations have made the traditional productivity improvement techniques obsolete. This article presents a review consisting of analyses of literature on productivity and a survey of manufacturing enterprises. A five-step preview strategy on productivity is enumerated which provides a meaningful direction towards future productivity research and application. The article is concluded by briefly describing the current research that is being carried out based on the preview strategy evolved.     

论英国工党艾德礼政府对国有化工业的管理

战后初期英国工党艾德礼政府对国有化工业的管理存在许多弊端。主要表现在：事先没有详细的计划，在具体管理方面缺乏一套有效的运行规则，工人参与管理的问题基本上也没有实现。     

农业的生产时间与劳动时间:学术争论与价值意涵

长期以来,资本主义在农业生产领域所遭遇的障碍问题,尤其是小农经济的存续,使马克思政治经济学的解释地位遭受质疑。曼和狄金森在马克思劳动价值论的基础上,通过论述农业生产时间与劳动时间的非一致性问题为马克思政治经济学辩护。此后围绕农业生产时间与劳动时间这一议题,穆尼等学者与曼和狄金森进行了争论。文章以曼和狄金森的核心文章为切入点,系统梳理了这一争论的学术渊源、核心观点、分析框架及理论基础。回顾这一学术争论过程,围绕经典议题争论背后的新韦伯主义研究范式转向,对中国农业社会学有重大的启发意义。新韦伯主义范式强调从社会文化传统的角度去理解农业,并在具体分析上兼顾马克思宏观的政治经济分析与恰亚诺夫的微观个体行动,对于把握当下中国复杂多样农业转型与社会变迁具有借鉴意义。     

宋朝的乡役与乡村"行政区划"

两宋乡役是与乡村"行政区划"既有重叠又有区别的一个历史专用名词,它不仅体现为皇权的"神经末梢",同时也是具有以民治民的"民治"意味的乡村管理体制,但却不是一级完整的行政区划,更不能称之为一级行政机构。这是由"职役"制度的本质、特性所决定的:它既体现有"职"的成分,也含有"役"的成分,二者构成一个整体,不可分割。     

Differences in wage determination in the Eurozone: A challenge to the resilience of the common currency

Different developments in wages and unit labor costs across countries can reduce the synchronization of business cycles within a currency area and therefore be a potential source of asymmetric shocks and/or asymmetric response to a common shock. In this paper, we use novel econometric methods to identify differences and similarities in wage determination across Eurozone countries. Results show that wages have different determinants across euro area countries, among which two relatively distinct groups can be identified. In particular, wages in Germany, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Finland behave more similarly, are less sticky and respond more to macroeconomic conditions than those in the group composed of Italy, Spain, Portugal, France and Ireland. Moreover, the equilibrium wage has been affected by a structural change contemporaneous to the international financial crisis. Finally, structural reforms since the euro crisis have contributed to make labor market structures in Eurozone countries more similar, which contributed to improve the resilience of the Eurozone, but the job is not completed yet.     

Old friends and new acquaintances: Tie formation mechanisms in an interorganizational network generated by employee mobility

This study investigates mechanisms of tie formation in an interorganizational network generated by the mobility of employees between organizations. We analyze a data set that contains information on all organizations in the Stockholm metropolitan area between 1990 and 2003. We show that the formation of new ties is contingent upon the direction of past ties, and that most connections occur at an intermediate geodesic distance of 2 and 3. The findings highlight the importance of tie direction and indirect connections in research on network dynamics and knowledge exchanges stemming from the mobility of employees across organizations.     

Addressing gender discrimination in Vietnam's light manufacturing industry: What role for labor law?

This paper explores women workers’ experiences of gender discrimination at work in Vietnam and whether labor law might enable them to challenge discriminatory practices. Interviews with workers reveal how discrimination is generated and entrenched through seemingly neutral workplace rules and culture. The coercive and intensive nature of assembly work has deterred or prevented working mothers from enjoying fair and decent work. Survey findings on female workers’ mobilization of the law suggest that women who have experienced discrimination in the past are less inclined to choose a legal means when faced with future discrimination. In most cases, women would choose not to take any action or opt for a non-legal means to raise their voices. In conclusion, even though women workers in general do not consider law a potential tool to tackle discrimination, they have absorbed and appropriated the language of the law to make sense of unfair practices at work.     

高校后勤劳务派遣实践绩效评价研究———以江苏省为例

本研究基于江苏省21所高校的调查问卷数据,运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价相结合的研究方法分析高校劳务派遣实践的运行绩效,并在此基础上对高校及教育主管部门提出完善该制度的政策建议.研究表明,江苏省高校后勤部门劳务派遣实践总体情况良好,劳务派遣使得高校后勤的用人成本降低并得到专业化的优质服务,但也存在对被派遣员工管理困难、劳资纠纷较多、缺乏归属感的问题.     

青年劳动与就业问题调查

劳动就业是青年生存和发展的重大现实问题，通过调研发现，青年劳动就业现状主要问题表现为职业培训不足，技能缺乏，就业渠道不畅，部分青年工作岗位呈两极分化等。据此，各级党政机关、企事业单位和共青团组织应努力发挥其在青年劳动就业中的引导作用，青年也应转变观念，提高职业适应能力，从而确保青年获得职业，促进社会和谐发展。