基于国际平均全劳动法的中日购买力平价的推算

本文利用独创的国际平均全劳动法推算了2005年中日各部门购买力平价（简称PPP）。用此方法推算的PPP既可满足基国不变性原则也满足矩阵一致性原则。本文推算的中日各部门的PPP主要用于变换可比价格的中日投入产出表。用国际平均劳动法推算的PPP由劳动系数、投入系数、和固定资本损耗系数等技术决定,不会受到工资率、利润率等其他市场因素的影响,因此更适用于可比价格投入产出表的转换。用国际平均劳动法推算的PPP与用GK（Geary-Khamis）法推算的PPP对GDP进行转换,可以发现,用国际平均全劳动法推算的中国实际GDP更大。     

工作条件、工资补偿与劳动力市场城乡分割测量

鉴于工资既是对劳动者生产率贡献的支付同时又是对劳动者承受负面工作条件的补偿这一复杂性,鉴于城镇劳动力市场上城乡两类劳动者在艰苦危险程度不等岗位上分布的显著差异性,依据调查工资的城乡差异来测量劳动力市场上城乡分割的程度可能不尽客观。本文关注岗位的工作条件及其工资补偿,依据两类劳动者的可比工资差异观察城乡分割状态。研究发现：在绝对意义上,无论城镇工还是农民工,艰苦危险的工作条件未能带来显著更高的工资正效应;但相对于城镇工,农民工的工资中包含了更多的基于艰苦危险工作条件的岗位补偿部分;在岗位补偿可比口径下,城乡劳动者的工资差异显著大于调查工资口径下的工资差异。以此判断,我国城镇劳动力市场存在以负面工作条件补偿不足为形式的隐性分割,次级劳动力市场中,尤其是哪些最为艰苦和危险的工作岗位上,城乡劳动者看似基本一致的工资水平并不代表农民工获得了平等的生产率回报。     

Business Location Decisions in the United States: Estimates of the Effects of Unionization,Taxes, and Other Characteristics of States

This article examines how corporate decisions about the location for a new manufacturing plant in the U.S. are influenced by unionization, taxes, and other characteristics of states. The conditional logit model is used with some modifications to make the model more applicable to the business location decision. The most important finding is that the union sympathies of states have a major effect on business location. The results also indicate that state taxes affect business location, contradicting the conventional wisdom in the economic literature, although the tax effect is of modest magnitude.     

异质性企业的空间选择与地区生产率差距研究

 本文在融入企业异质性的空间经济学理论框架下,采用中国工业企业数据库微观数据,运用分位数回归的方法,检验异质性企业的空间选择与产业集聚效应对地区(企业)生产率差距的影响程度。结果表明：（1）异质性企业的定位选择行为在中国显著存在,并且是影响地区（企业）生产率差距的另一重要的微观机制;（2）在中国,地区产业集聚并没有对本地企业生产率产生正向影响,即集聚效应并不明显。     

孤星社·铸魂学社·中国少年劳动党--关于中国少年劳动党历史的梳理

中国少年劳动党是国民党统治时期的一个进步党派,经过一个演进和发展的过程,从孤星社时期的文化斗争,到铸魂学社时期的抗日救亡活动,再到正式组党时期的民主政治活动,构成了一个清晰的演变脉络.中国少年劳动党从文化活动走向政治斗争、从结社到组党的历程,是国民党统治时期政治斗争日趋激烈的重要表征,从一个侧面体现出中国当时政治斗争的情形.     

Identifying Demand Shocks From Production Data

Standard productivity estimates contain a mixture of cost efficiency and demand conditions. I propose a method to identify the distribution of the demand shock using production data. Identification does not depend on functional form restrictions. It is also robust to dynamic demand considerations and flexible labor. In the parametric case, the ratio of intermediate inputs to the wage bill (input ratio) contains information about the magnitude of the demand shock. The method is tested using data from Spain that contains information on prices and demand conditions. Finally, we generate Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the method’s performance and sensitivity. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

中国劳动份额再估计

 针对已有研究所存在的问题和缺陷,本文估算了1993-2007年期间个体业主和农户混合收入、雇员报酬和这一期间的劳动份额。结果显示,无论是劳动者报酬、雇员报酬还是包含个体业主和农户劳动收入在内的劳动报酬,其在GDP中的份额从1995年以后均呈现出下降趋势,并且在2002年之后加速下降。分析表明,个体经济发展滞后是劳动份额较低并逐年下降的主要原因,因而使个体经济发展与经济发展水平相适应是现阶段扭转劳动份额下降趋势的重要政策方向。     

The structural perspective on postsocialist inequality: Job loss in Russia

The paper seeks to develop a structural approach to understanding post-socialist patterns of inequality, in distinction to the individual and institutional frameworks that have dominated the literature on the topic. Variation in exposure to job loss (layoff) of Russian hired workers from 1985 to 2001 is examined using employment histories from the Survey of Stratification and Migration Dynamics. The analysis focuses on the role of structural position (firm characteristics such as sector, industry, and size) in shaping job loss risk, both independently of individual characteristics such as experience, gender, and human capital and in interaction with these personal traits.     

劳动力流动与第三产业的内生性研究——基于新经济地理的实证分析

根据新经济地理学理论构建劳动力流动与第三产业的联立方程,系统分析2006～2009年中国各省市劳动力流动与第三产业发展的影响因素及两者之间的内生性关系。研究发现,流入地的经济收入、第三产业的发展水平和经济开放度是吸引劳动力流入的主要动力;随着农村净收入的提高,城乡收入差距缩小,劳动力的流动性随之降低;资本、劳动力和市场因素会促进第三产业的发展,但过多的政策管制却阻碍了第三产业的发展,而且城市化策略在不同区域的不同发展阶段其效果不同;劳动力流动与第三产业发展是相互作用的,从而引起劳动力在东部的聚集效应和在中西部的分散效应。     

Copper mining productivity: Lessons from Chile

Chile represents almost one third of the world’s copper production. Mining is one of the main industries that contributes to our country’s development with resources and is globally recognized. Due to the end of the commodity cycle, improving productivity will be a key variable in mining performance in incoming years. This paper studies mining productivity in Chile by relying on two indicators: measure of the total factor productivity (TFP) using the traditional Solow methodology, and labor productivity. Since 2000, we found a decrease in TFP, explained mainly by the participation of capital as well as diverse factor adjustments to labor and capital inputs. Average labor productivity also decreases 42% from 1999 to 2010, a decrease explained by four determinants: real mining wages, electricity prices, copper prices and mineral grade. Since 2010, average labor productivity has increased 30%, and there is also an opportunity for additional improvement by reducing energy costs as well as by aligning productivity and labor performances.