中华民国工党与民初的工人运动

中华民国工党是近代第一个工人政党,其活动基本与北洋政府统治相始终。一方面它具有近代政党的某些组织特点;另一方面它一直是以非法状态出现的,其活动基本上是反体制的。在组织、活动特点上兼有政党活动与民间秘密社团活动的双重性,体现了早期政党根植于民间社会文化传统的特性。     

Erosion of purchasing power and labor supply

This paper presents three studies on the labor market in Italy, carried out using questionnaires over the course of time (1990–2002). The main result is that, if real wages decline to a certain extent, employed workers increase their labor supply, in order to recoup their lost purchasing power and to redress, perhaps unconsciously, the decline in their economic and social hierarchical position.As long as real wages grew at a satisfactory rate, in the early 90s, workers were unwilling to change their work schedules in either direction—exchanging income for leisure time at the current hourly wage or vice versa—whatever were their work time and wages. During the last decade workers—who suffered a decrease in real wages—have been willing to work more hours. As a result, workers did not demand more leisure time despite the fact that it had become cheaper as predicted by traditional theory. Thus, employers may expect a not-insignificant increase in labor supply if real wages decrease.     

哈贝马斯对马克思认识论思想的重构

哈贝马斯认为,认识论是对认识的可能性条件的反思(批判性研究),这个反思的彻底性在于揭示认识的社会历史条件。马克思通过对劳动的综合作用的阐发不仅推进了黑格尔对康德认识论的批判,而且确立了从社会理论出发来构建认识批判的维度。虽然在马克思那里存在着劳动与相互作用双重因素,并且他借此说明了认识批判的社会历史意义,但他将相互作用归结为劳动,从而把批判的科学等同于自然科学。因此,必须重构马克思的认识论思想,区分劳动与相互作用,区分知识的不同类型,反思认识主体的社会历史性。所以,彻底的认识批判只有作为社会理论才是可能的。     

论劳动价值论与其他四种价值理论

价值理论是一种与静态资源配置、产权关系、财富分配和经济发展等研究都有关的经济学基础理论。除了劳动价值论以外,西方经济学界还存在四种其他价值理论,它们是货币价值论、使用价值价值论、生产要素价值论、供求价值论。作者试图结合对其他四种价值理论的评析,就劳动价值论的创新发展问题谈一点看法。     

美学与艺术也是一种生产力

人们对"生产力"的认识,是随着人类文明的发展和产业结构的调整而不断深入的。在以农、林、牧、渔为代表的第一产业占主导地位的前工业时代,人的体力和经验是最为重要的生产力要素;在以机器制造业为代表的第二产业占主导地位的工业时代,科学和技术跃居于生产力要素的首位;而在以服务业为代表的第三产业占主导地位的后工业时代,美学和艺术作为生产力的要素也便具有了越来越重要的地位。这种新的生产力要素主要是通过三种途径加以实现的:首先是制造直接用于审美欣赏的精神产品,其次是这种产品的衍生物,最后是实用产品中的审美附加值。     

从马克思主义劳动价值论看科技价值的源泉

从马克思主义劳动价值论的角度看，科技价值的源泉是科技劳动。理论科技成果的价值转移为人类提供了一个“科学价值库”，它是所有从事基础性研究的科学人员高级复杂劳动所创造的剩余价值的总和。科学价值库中的价值是由基础性研究人员的劳动所创造的，并通过历代基础性研究工作的不断进行而得到累加，其价值的转移是借助于技术成果这一中介来完成的，并通过技术成果并入社会生产过程，最终在社会经济系统中得到实现。     

Long-term employment and earnings among low-income families with children

Self-support through employment has become much more important for low-income mothers and welfare recipients as a result of welfare reform and decline of welfare caseloads. This study used the 2004 longitudinal panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine longitudinal patterns and trajectories of employment and earnings and to identify factors associated with long-term employment and earnings success among low-income mothers. The results indicate that despite the high proportion of low-income mothers employed, a substantial number were unable to sustain employment and had low earnings. Only 37% of low-income mothers experienced earnings success. Moreover, nearly half of the sample who had successful employment trajectories experienced stagnant or decreasing earnings. Results highlight the importance of considering the level, trend, and stability of employment and earnings in categorizing employment and earnings success. The factors associated with both long-term employment and earnings success included education, work disability, earnings of other adults in the family, homeownership, and state unemployment rates. Results also revealed some differences in factors that determined these two outcomes. The findings point to the importance of advocating for social policies that provide additional income and employment supports for low-income families with children.     

市场经济下中国工会代表性之法学分析

我国工会在不同历史阶段扮演着不同角色。在计划经济下,工会只是从属于政府,动员职工发挥＂主人翁＂的作用,抓生产谋福利的组织,因而,它的代表性就被隐没在国家行政机关的作用之中。在市场经济下,工会就必须成为职工利益的代表,一方面,它要维护职工作为劳动力权人的合法权益;另一方面,我国工会也要体现工人阶级的先进性。我国工会在市场经济下只有代表劳动者积极介入集体谈判和积极争取罢工合法化,才能够正确体现我国特色社会主义工会所特有的代表性。     

高质量发展背景下的西藏全要素生产率研究

伴随着“提高全要素生产率”先后被正式写入国务院政府工作报告和党的十九大报告,近年来全要素生产率理论开始得到国内外学者的广泛关注。在此背景下,运用非参数DEA-Malmquist指数分析法对2000-2018年西藏全要素生产率进行了测算分解,并与同时期全国平均水平和主要民族地区水平进行了横向比较。研究结论表明,西藏当前正处于工业化前期向工业化中期的转型发展阶段,21世纪以来全要素生产率虽然呈现出“√”型的缓慢回升态势,但总体上仍然处于低位区间波动徘徊,相对滞后于全国和主要民族地区平均水平。因此,未来西藏经济要实现高质量发展的目标,迫切需要通过一系列有效改革措施,加快实现经济增长方式由要素投入拉动向全要素生产率驱动转变。     

Worker training: A review, critique, and extension

Why does employee training in the US lag behind that of our industrial counterparts? We provide an overview of employee training in the US and a review of American employee training literature and concepts. Our criticism of this literature is based on its limited conceptual structure that derives from an over-reliance on the distinction between “general” versus “specific” training. We find this dichotomy to be both empirically and theoretically imprecise. We also provide a brief overview of employee training in other industrialized nations. In combination, the critique of the American literature and the review of the international literature provide a framework for suggesting new approaches to training and its study in the United States. We argue that such a new approach is needed both to understand employee training in the US and to provide an empirical framework for guiding its growth and development.