Assessing Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men: The Modern Homophobia Scale

The authors developed the Modern Homophobia Scale (MHS), a scale that includes measures of attitudes toward lesbians (MHS-L) and attitudes toward gay men (MHS-G). An initial pool of 97 items was generated by the authors based on a review of the literature on homophobia and feedback from several focus groups. Responses to the initial pool of items were factor analyzed. The final versions of the MHS-L and the MHS-G included items reflecting the following factors: Personal Discomfort with lesbians/gay men, Institutional Homophobia toward lesbians/gay men, and the Deviance/Changeability of female/male homosexuality. Although the Personal Discomfort, Institutional, and Deviance/Changeability factors were separable, they were highly correlated and showed little evidence of divergent validity. Reactions to gay, lesbian, and heterosexual characters in written vignettes provided initial support for the validity of the MHS. Both the MHS-L and MHS-G were significantly correlated with the Index of Homophobia and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale. A greater degree of homophobia on the MHS-L and MHS-G was associated with a greater degree of socially desirable responding as measured by the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Lower levels of homophobia on the MHS-L and MHS-G were associated with having lesbian and gay acquaintances and friends. On the MHS-L, men and women did not differ in their overall level of homophobia toward lesbians, but significant gender differences on MHS-L factor scores were present. Compared to men, women were more supportive of gay men on all three factors of the MHS-G.     

清代的城市规模与行政等级

清代城市规模(城市周长)不受城市行政等级的制约,而且城市规模与行政等级之间的相关性也较弱,因此用行政等级作为划分城市规模的标准是不严谨的。制约中国古代城市规模的要素是多重的,因此对于城市规模的研究不能仅仅局限于城市的行政等级。     

湖南入境旅游市场开发新探——基于亲景度与市场份额分析

随着旅游需求的不断增长，入境旅游已成为旅游业关注的重要内容。在分析湖南入境旅游市场现状基础上。通过引入亲景度与市场份额分析法进一步探讨了12个主要客源国市场特征，并提出开拓湖南入境旅游市场的相应对策。     

Male Sexuality and Alfred Kinsey's 0–6 Scale: Toward “A Sound Understanding of the Realities of Sex”

Using a 0–6 scale, Alfred Kinsey demonstrated that the complexity of human sexuality could best be represented on a continuum rather than as a binary. Kinsey developed the scale from models created by his predecessors in human sex research. A primary intention of the scale was to eradicate sexual identity categories altogether in order to eliminate sexual identity-based persecutions and to promote equal rights. As proponents and opponents of homosexual rights both depended on constructions of sexual identity to advance their agendas, Kinsey's ideal was never realized. The scale nonetheless continues to challenge postmodern associations of identity and sexuality.     

The Cusum of Squares Test for Scale Changes in Infinite Order Moving Average Processes

In this paper we consider the problem of testing for a scale change in the infinite order moving average process X _j = _{i =0} a _{i j i} , where _j are i.i.d. r.v.s with E ₁ < for some > 0. In performing the test, a cusum of squares test statistic analogous to Inclan & Tiao's (1994) statistic is considered. It is well-known from the literature that outliers affect test procedures leading to false conclusions. In order to remedy this, a cusum of squares test based on trimmed observations is considered. It is demonstrated that this test is robust against outliers, is valid for infinite variance processes as well. Simulation results are given for illustration.     

Development of a Spiritual Support Scale for Use with Older Adults

SUMMARY

This study reports the development and empirical test of a measure of spiritual supports used by older adults in managing life challenge. The Spiritual Strategies Scale (SSS) consists of 18 items. Cronbach's coefficient alpha reliability for the measure was .86. The sample, gathered from interviews at four sites, consisted of 79 older adults who were predominantly Jewish European American and African American. Concurrent validity analyses suggest that this measure warrants further testing. This scale also has potential for clinical use in social work practice by counselors for older adults.     

市场竞争与企业兼并

对非完全竞争市场中的企业兼并博奕进行分析,并对厂商兼并在规模报酬不变和规模报酬递减的基础上进行探讨,对我国企业并购活动提供了理论依据。     

Semidefinite Programming Relaxations for the Quadratic Assignment Problem

Semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations for the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) are derived using the dual of the (homogenized) Lagrangian dual of appropriate equivalent representations of QAP. These relaxations result in the interesting, special, case where only the dual problem of the SDP relaxation has strict interior, i.e., the Slater constraint qualification always fails for the primal problem. Although there is no duality gap in theory, this indicates that the relaxation cannot be solved in a numerically stable way. By exploring the geometrical structure of the relaxation, we are able to find projected SDP relaxations. These new relaxations, and their duals, satisfy the Slater constraint qualification, and so can be solved numerically using primal-dual interior-point methods.For one of our models, a preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for solving the large linear systems which arise when finding the Newton direction. The preconditioner is found by exploiting the special structure of the relaxation. See e.g., Vandenverghe and Boyd (1995) for a similar approach for solving SDP problems arising from control applications.Numerical results are presented which indicate that the described methods yield at least competitive lower bounds.     

光学优化设计方法的对比研究

介绍了变尺度法和适应法,并把这两种优化算法借助Ｃ语言开发的程序用于光学优化设计中,设计了两种典型的光学系统。对设计过程、设计的结果,在收敛速度、稳定性和设计的方便性等方面,作了全面对比分析,从中得出,变尺度法是一种更好的优化算法。     

生产投入、政府激励与企业生产规模决策

在同时面临外生性和内生性因素影响的需求不确定环境下,通过建立生产投入、政府激励和企业生产规模的决策模型,在研究企业生产投入的价值表达式的基础上,分析了生产投入、政府激励与企业生产规模决策之间的作用机理,对临界值方程、最优生产规模和最优政府激励作了分析.并通过模拟赋值对数理模型进行了数值分析.研究表明:1)灵活的企业可依据市场需求的变化,参考资本化未来生产规模、政府激励现金流、放弃期权价值和需求变化期权价值等对生产规模进行最优化调整;2)当企业单位时间收益流满足一定水平时,存在最优生产规模方程和最优政府激励方程及其相应的阈值方程;3)生产投入、政府激励及企业生产规模之间联系密切,灵活的企业可据此对生产进行动态调整.此外,还与外生性模型作比较验证了该模型的适应性等.由此,可作为需求不确定环境下加强企业生产规模决策的一种参考.