教育期望中的班级效应分析

班级是中国基础教育领域重要的组织设置。利用“中国教育追踪调查”（CEPS）数据,应用分层线性模型,本研究关注班级设置,包括班级组织结构和班级氛围,对初中生教育期望的影响。研究结果表明,在多个组织结构变量中,班主任的受教育程度和教龄对学生教育期望影响显著,但任课老师的资历影响不显著;在多个班级氛围变量中,学生的教育期望既受到班级客观学业水平的影响,亦受到师生之间互动关系的影响。此外,在控制了班级氛围变量后,师资配置对学生教育期望的影响不再显著。总之,在以往研究重点关注个体、家庭和学校影响的基础上,本研究将对教育期望的研究进一步拓展到学校内部的班级环境,并发现师生之间建立的紧密互动关系及良好的班级氛围对学生的教育期望发挥着最重要的影响。     

Doin’ Meth or Doin’ Math: What Client Constructions of Social Class Mean for Social Work Practice

The voices of people experiencing poverty are underrepresented in social work research, public policy development, and practice interventions. This study explored the social class attributions of clients receiving poverty-related services through qualitative interviews. Findings reveal dynamic contributions of individual, environmental, and structural factors of social class positioning and significant stress and stigmatization associated with experiencing economic hardship. Participants indicate a sense of lived contradiction, viewing social class to be the result of fate while simultaneously endorsing individualistic attributions of poverty. Results have implications for social work research and practice, as well as poverty-related policy and program development.     

Estimation and Inference Procedures for Semiparametric Distribution Models with Varying Linear‐Index

More flexible semiparametric linear‐index regression models are proposed to describe the conditional distribution. Such a model formulation captures varying effects of covariates over the support of a response variable in distribution, offers an alternative perspective on dimension reduction and covers a lot of widely used parametric and semiparameteric regression models. A feasible pseudo likelihood approach, accompanied with a simple and easily implemented algorithm, is further developed for the mixed case with both varying and invariant coefficients. By justifying some theoretical properties on Banach spaces, the uniform consistency and asymptotic Gaussian process of the proposed estimator are also established in this article. In addition, under the monotonicity of distribution in linear‐index, we develop an alternative approach based on maximizing a varying accuracy measure. By virtue of the asymptotic recursion relation for the estimators, some of the achievements in this direction include showing the convergence of the iterative computation procedure and establishing the large sample properties of the resulting estimator. It is noticeable that our theoretical framework is very helpful in constructing confidence bands for the parameters of interest and tests for the hypotheses of various qualitative structures in distribution. Generally, the developed estimation and inference procedures perform quite satisfactorily in the conducted simulations and are demonstrated to be useful in reanalysing data from the Boston house price study and the World Values Survey.     

The Diffusion of Tolerance: Birth Cohort Changes in the Effects of Education and Income on Political Tolerance

Political tolerance—the willingness to extend civil liberties to traditionally stigmatized groups—is pivotal to the functioning of democracy and the well‐being of members of stigmatized groups. Although political tolerance has traditionally been more common among American elites, we argue that as tolerance has increased, it has also diffused to less educated and less affluent segments of the population. The relative stability of political attitudes over the life course and the socialization of more recent birth cohorts in contexts of increased tolerance suggest that this diffusion of tolerance occurs across birth cohorts rather than time periods. Using age‐period‐cohort models and more than three and a half decades of repeated cross‐sectional survey data, we find persistent and robust across‐cohort declines in the importance of both income and higher education in determining levels of political tolerance. Declines in the effects of socioeconomic status are evident with tolerance toward all five out‐groups in the analysis—anti‐religionists, gays and lesbians, communists, militarists, and racists—but to varying degrees. These findings fit with a model of changes in public opinion, particularly views of civil and political rights, through processes of cultural diffusion and cohort replacement.     

The classing gaze and its gendering effects: (dis)‐respectability,emotional (in)‐competency,and the counselling experiences of domestically violent Taiwanese men

Research on domestically violent men typically takes an oppositional logic of gender. While the significance of class in researching domestically violent men is identified, class and gender are often treated as separate entities that do not complicate each other. Drawing upon group observations and in‐depth interviews, this paper identifies how intersections of class and gender manifest in the counselling experiences of domestically violent Taiwanese men. From a Bourdieusian feminist analysis, the authors analyse (1) how class distinctions serve to (re)produce gendered hierarchy; (2) how contradictory experiences of gender reveal a relational understanding of class; and (3) how the gendered nature of domestically violent men is inscribed with a meaning of (working) class specificity for maintaining middle‐class ‘purity’. In analysing men's multiple and conflicting experiences, this paper contributes to research on domestically violent men by showing how class and gender are actively constructed and not produced in a monolithic/invariant way.     

"唐长孺、胡如雷先生与隋唐史研究"学术研讨会综述

朱雷通过回顾唐长孺领导敦煌吐鲁番文书整理出版的整个过程,介绍了古代文献资料整理的特点和规律。张国刚认为,在中国20世纪学术发展的宏观走向上,出现了一个从否定传统到呼唤回归本土化的历史演变过程,而在这一变化过程中,陈寅恪、唐长孺、胡如雷都做出了各自的探索。冻国栋从社会经济史的角度,探讨了唐长孺在中古史研究方面的取得的突出成就,对唐长孺的治学理路和特点作出了准确概括。宁志新和黄正建侧重分析了胡如雷在历史研究中所运用的阶级与阶层分析方法,并对这一治学方法做出了客观和科学的评价。孙继民在20世纪学术史的背景下,从20 世纪中国史学发展的四个阶段分析和确认了陈寅恪、唐长孺、胡如雷史学研究成就和他们在中国学术史上的地位。认为陈寅恪的特点是承旧启新,文化史观中国化;唐长孺是转旧趋新,唯物史观学术化;胡如雷是弃旧开新,古史形态理论化。     

我国证券集团诉讼制度的构建

证券侵权行为的损害后果具有“小额多数”的特征,我国现行的单独诉讼、共同诉讼由于其自身的局限性而无法适应此类群体纠纷中保护分散性利益、制裁群体性侵害、为公众提供有效救济途径的需要,因此有必要建立专门的证券集团诉讼制度。借鉴美国证券集团诉讼制度的经验,改变人数不确定的代表人诉讼机制,是现阶段的可行之选。     

英语口译课堂教学方法探究

英语口译课是高校英语专业的一门必修课,如何有效地开展口译课堂教学是一个重要课题。本文结合实践教学情况,以现阶段主要的口译训练模式为基础,系统地提出了一些口译课堂教学和训练的新建议和方法。     

医学人文教育与高等中医药人才培养

高等中医药人才培养必须坚持医学科学精神与医学人文精神的统一,实现医学人才医学技术与人文关怀的协调发展。中医人文教育既是医学模式发展的根本要求,也是增进医患互信、构建和谐医患关系的需要。中医人文教育必须以培养高等中医人才为核心,遵循中医人才成长规律,体现人文教育与政治教育、人文精神与科学精神、文化传承与借鉴创新的高度统一,全面提升中医大学生的人文素养。