The Media Abuse of Children. Jake's Progress from Demonic Icon to Restored Childhood Innocent

While scholarly analysis of child protection and the media has grown substantially during the 1990s (Aldridge, 1994; Franklin and Parton, 1991; Kitzinger and Skidmore, 1995), studies have ignored a crucial dimension which forms the focus for discussion here. We wish to suggest that media reporting of children and child abuse may itself constitute an abusive activity. Media presentations of children and childhood, since press coverage of the Bulger case in 1993, have assumed a distinctive and sinister guise which, we argue, fundamentally revises the previously held perception of children and childhood. We suggest that this new understanding of childhood is damaging to children and, because of the impact of such media presentations on the public mood and policy climate, harms their interests. The discussion is in three parts. First, newspaper reporting of the Bulger case is analysed to reveal how coverage challenged the idea of childhood as a period of innocence and replaced it with a perception of childhood as essentially ‘evil’. Second, the characterization of Jake, the central figure in Alan Bleasdale's recent television dramaJake's Progress, is analysed to serve as an illustrative exemplar of this new construction of childhood. Finally, we consider the possible messages conveyed by such presentations to perpetrators and victims of abuse.     

新中国十七年图像文化研究的学术史回顾

随着20世纪80年代西方的图像文化史作为新兴的研究方法进入中国,中国不同历史时期的图像文化生产与传播备受研究者的关注。同时,西方图像学研究为各类文学、美术、电影等作品的解读提供了较为充分的理论支持,研究者把图像学理论与文本分析有机结合,展开了艺术学与文化研究的批评实践。"十七年"时期的图像文化具有独特的历史与美学价值,目前已经成为学界研究的热点,有进行学术史回顾与反思的必要。通过对现有的"十七年"时期图像文化研究成果的整合分析,可以展现中国图像文化研究的最新进展以及西方图像学方法在中国的本土化实践。     

Effective elements of care-physical activity initiatives for adults with a low socioeconomic status: A concept mapping study with health promotion experts

In care-physical activity (care-PA) initiatives, primary care and sports are combined to stimulate PA among adults at risk of lifestyle related diseases. Preliminary results from Dutch care-PA initiatives for adults with a low socioeconomic status (SES) indicate a decrease in participants’ body weight and an improved quality of life, however, the elements that make these initiatives successful are yet to be identified. In total, 19 Dutch health promotion experts participated in our concept mapping (CM) of the effective elements of care-PA initiatives for adults with a low SES. The experts identified 111 effective elements of these initiatives, which were grouped into 11 clusters, focusing on: 1) approaching participants within the care-PA initiative, 2) barriers experienced throughout the initiative, 3) long-term implementation, 4) customizing the care-PA initiative to the target population, 5) social support, 6) structure and guidance, 7) the professionals within the care-PA initiative, 8) the accessibility of the care-PA initiative, 9) targeted behaviour and progression, 10) recruitment and administration, and 11) intersectoral collaboration. CM was useful for creating a valuable overview of these effective elements. Our results could be used to improve the development and implementation of future care-PA initiatives for adults with a low SES.     

集体无意识与刻意颠覆 ——《雾都孤儿》与《我们共同的朋友》中的犹太形象分析

狄更斯在其第二部小说《雾都孤儿》和最后一部小说《我们共同的朋友》中,塑造了两个迥然不同的犹太人物形象——恶棍费金和绅士瑞亚先生。费金的肮脏丑陋、讨好巴结、吝啬贪婪以及残忍恶毒,与瑞亚的温和优雅、自尊坚定、追求平和以及同情友善形成了鲜明的反差。这种反差背后所反映的,一方面是英国社会对犹太人的盲目偏见所形成的集体无意识的反犹主义文学传统,以及丑化犹太人的典型模式;另一方面是作为人道主义作家的狄更斯刻意进行的犹太人形象颠覆,狄更斯为自己、也为整个犹太民族进行了正名。     

转基因产品低水平混杂问题研究

转基因产品低水平混杂(LLP)是随着转基因作物商业化而出现在进出口贸易中的一个现实问题,也是当前多边贸易谈判中的一个前沿议题,近年来已成为各国政府共同的政策关注点。作为转基因作物研发、种植和农产品贸易大国,我国农业产业的多个方面都将受到转基因产品LLP的影响。文章分析了转基因产品LLP的演进逻辑,探讨了现行LLP定义的政策含义;从技术和政策层面出发,论证了进口国对转基因产品的特殊关注是LLP问题出现的根本原因,提出了加强双边合作与互认的解决思路;从进出口两方面分析了LLP问题和LLP风险管理策略的缺失对一国农业产业产生的影响,并针对其经济风险评估和政策制定提出了建议。     

多模态语篇中的视觉识读策略

后印刷时代,多种符号资源被用来构建意义,视觉图像和设计成分日益成为人们表征意义和传递信息的重要手段。传统的文本识读策略已无法满足读者解读多模态语篇的需要。运用适当的视觉识读策略,熟悉特定社会文化语境中各种符号资源的意义潜势,是识读多模态语篇的必需。基于多模态语篇、多元识读及符号学相关理论,提出一个分析、解读多模态语篇的视觉识读策略框架,以拓展读者的视觉识读技能,增强其构建和识读多模态语篇的能力。     

从萨拉·朱厄特笔下的树木意象看其自然思想

萨拉.朱厄特是一位对自然充满敬畏的作家。她在作品中刻画的不少树木意象折射出其对人与自然关系的理解。遗憾的是,这些在过去的研究中未能得到足够的重视。在生态批评崛起,世人对朱厄特及其著作给予更多关注的背景下,对这些树木意象作一评析,从仁爱、抚慰之树,人与树木和谐相处,对破坏树木的资本主义工业文明进行批判等三方面,可以解读作品的自然思想。     

论中国古代艺术散文与诗歌的审美差异性

以实践本体论为理论基础,可以把中国古代艺术散文与诗歌在审美形式上的区别归纳为三点:在思维和创作方法上,艺术散文重在体物而赋形,诗歌偏于缘情而立象;在文本上,诗歌强调情调,散文强调智慧和趣味;两者之所以不同,是由诗歌与散文作为中国文人不同的存在方式而决定的,也是由诗歌纵情和艺术散文任性的内在本质决定的.     

语境与文化意象的理解和传译

文化意象是在文化环境下生成的一种文化符号 ,具有语境依赖性。本文首先对文化意象进行界定 ,再对语境进行分析 ,并以此为基点探讨文化意象的理解和传译问题 ,旨在说明 :(1)文化意象的判定是认知主体的主观阐释和诸种潜在相关客观参数 (语境参数 )的合力作用的结果 ;(2 )与文化意象相关的原语语境和译语语境的关联性将直接影响文化意象翻译策略和手段的择取。