制造控制系统领域语言设计

基于特定领域建模方法研究制造控制系统语言设计。定义了该领域语言,包括词法、语法、语义、语法及语义映射。解释了语言的组成要素和要素之间的关联。利用该领域语言搭建并解释模型可实现制造控制系统的个性定制和快速开发。     

浙江制造业发展的重点与思路——基于主导产业倒U型演进假说的分析

 本文根据1991-2004浙江、上海和中国相关统计数据,运用制造业占全国份额、产业部门增长率等方法分析了浙江省制造业发展在全国的基本情况,提出并验证了反映区域主导产业演进特征和过程的主导产业倒U型演进假说。结合浙江省经济发展的实际,确定了作为浙江当前产业发展重点的主导产业和支柱产业,提出了浙江省制造业发展的基本思路是资金密集、技术密集型产业优先发展,劳动密集型产业规划发展。浙江当前制造业发展的具体战略是“外引内孵”、“东扩西进”,注重择商引资,加强自主创新,实现区域产业的合理升级和转移。     

中国转型期现代物流发展与制造业竞争力提升关系研究——基于2000—2007年分省面板数据的实证分析

通过运用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis),根据中国2000-2007年的职工人数、固定资产等经济数据构建一个能反映各地区制造业综合竞争力的单一数字指标,然后利用这些效率指标以及现代物流行业的外延数据构成面板数据(Panel Data)建立模型。通过实证分析得出:中国现代物流的发展有利于制造业竞争力提升。最后根据上述结论提出一些建议:大力发展面向生产的现代物流行业,细化深化专业分工,鼓励生产制企业改造现有业务流程,推进物流业务外包,加强核心竞争力和对外开放水平。     

Measurement Equivalence Using Generalizability Theory: An Examination of Manufacturing Flexibility Dimensions

As the field of decision sciences in general and operations management in particular has matured from theory building to theory testing over the past two decades, it has witnessed an explosion in empirical research. Much of this work is anchored in survey‐based methodologies in which data are collected from the field in the form of scale items that are then analyzed to measure latent unobservable constructs. It is important to assess the invariance of scales across groups in order to reach valid, scientifically sound conclusions. Because studies have often been conducted in the field of decision sciences with small sample sizes, it further exacerbates the problem of reaching incorrect conclusions. Generalizability theory can more effectively test for measurement equivalence in the presence of small sample sizes than the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tests that have been conventionally used for assessing measurement equivalency across groups. Consequently, we introduce and explain the generalizability theory (G‐theory) in this article to examine measurement equivalence of 24 manufacturing flexibility dimension scales that have been published in prior literature and also compare and contrast G‐theory with CFA. We show that all the manufacturing flexibility scales tested in this study were invariant across the three industry SIC groups from which data were collected. We strongly recommend that G‐theory should always be used for determining measurement equivalence in empirical survey‐based studies. In addition, because using G‐theory alone does not always reveal the complete picture, CFA techniques for establishing measurement equivalence should also be invoked when sample sizes are large enough to do so. Implications of G‐theory for practice and its future use in operations management and decision sciences research are also presented.     

中国制造企业国际化的影响因素与分析框架:以TCL为例

本文在对现有企业国际化理论所涉及变量概括与归纳的基础上,运用战略管理理论,设计了中国制造企业国际化的分析框架,并通过分析TCL的国际化过程,对该框架进行了初步检验。结论如下:在中国制造企业的国际化过程中,第一,企业的国际化愿望、国际化需要和国际化能力,是影响企业国际化战略的三个主要因素;第二,企业国际化战略的制订与实施有助于企业国际化的成功;第三,企业国际化的绩效将反过来影响企业的国际化愿望、国际化需要和国际化能力。     

Measuring Market‐Manufacturing Congruence: Conceptual Reaffirmations and Mathematical Modifications

Narasimhan and Wang (2000) provide a valuable addition to the research base by identifying a limitation in two of the original equations in Bozarth and Berry (1997), which we resolve, and a possible research direction for the calibration of indifference profiles. However, they fall short in their interpretation of key conceptual and methodological issues, including the distinction between indifference and ideal profiles, the difference between individual profile dimensions and overall congruence, and firm versus industry‐level manufacturing strategy research. We use this opportunity to clear up these points of confusion, and to reaffirm the value of the methodology introduced in Bozarth and Berry (1997).     

Trade-offs among the elements of flexibility: a comparison from the automotive industry

Flexibility has long been recognized as a manufacturing capability that has the potential to impact the competitive position and the business performance of an organization ([1]: Cox Jr, T. Toward the measurement of manufacturing flexibility. Production and Inventory Management Journal 1989; First Quarter:68–72, [2]: De Meyer A, Nakane J, Miller JG, Ferdows K. Flexibility: the next competitive battle. Strategic Management Journal 1989;10:135–144). This recognition, however, has not led to a unanimous approach to flexibility. For example, Japanese manufacturers emphasize flexibility more than North American or European manufacturers ( [2]: De Meyer A, Nakane J, Miller JG, Ferdows K. Flexibility: the next competitive battle. Strategic Management Journal 1989;10:135–144). While this finding provides insight into the strategic choices made by these organizations in these countries, it does not provide an in-depth comparison of specific aspects of flexibility that are leveraged and emphasized differently. Such a comparison is necessary, however, if flexibility is to be more fully understood.This paper takes a step in that direction by first breaking down the concept of flexibility into its constituent elements and dimensions. Then we introduce the notion of looking at flexibility as a capability that must be planned for and built by a firm over a period of time along these constituent elements and dimensions. Questions are subsequently raised regarding whether trade-offs occur among different elements for a given flexibility dimension. We use industry wide as well as firm-specific qualitative data from the automotive industry to answer these questions, and show that several key aspects of manufacturing flexibility have been acquired and leveraged differently by American and Japanese producers. While linkages to business performance are not directly explored, our analysis reveals that even within the same industry, firms from different countries do indeed follow different strategies to developing their flexibility capability. Implications of these results for managerial practice, along with avenues for further research in this area, are also presented.     

武器装备建设管理信息集成化问题研究

提高国防实力必须加强武器装备建设,武器装备建设管理信息集成化是实现武器装备现代化建设的有效途径。本文介绍了武器装备建设信息集成化的内涵及作用,分别阐述了CALS、SBA、VR、IMS等先进的装备建设信息集成化技术和方法,给出了建设武器装备信息集成化系统的建议。     

可重构制造系统的体系结构

可重构制造系统是现代企业生存和发展的基本手段,具有较高可重构性的企业能在难以预测的环境中,面对竞争对手脱颖而出,本文从可重构制造系统的概念,组织体系,商业体系,产品体系及信息体系等方面研究了可重构制造系统的体系结构,探讨了可重构制造系统的可行性。     

Optimal Temporal Customer Purchasing Decisions Under Trade‐In Programs with Up‐Front Fees

To entice customers to purchase both current and new generation products over time, many firms offer different trade‐in programs including programs that require customers to pay an up‐front fee. To examine the effectiveness of the trade‐in programs, we develop a two‐period model in which a firm sells the first generation product in the first period and the second generation product in the second period; however, the firm offers a trade‐in program that customers can participate in when purchasing the first generation product in the first period. To participate, each customer has to pay a nonrefundable fee in the first period so that she has the option to trade‐in her first generation product and receive a prespecified trade‐in value to be used for the purchase of the second generation product in the second period. To capture market heterogeneity and market uncertainty, we examine the case when the valuation of the first generation product varies among customers and the valuation of the second generation product is uncertain a priori. By analyzing a two‐period game, we determine the optimal purchasing behavior of each rational customer, and we show that the firm is always better off by offering its own trade‐in programs. Also, our numerical analysis reveals that trade‐in programs can benefit the firm significantly especially when (i) the residual value of the first generation product is high; (ii) the expected incremental value of the second generation product is high; or (iii) the valuation of the second generation product is highly uncertain.