Empirical investigation of alternate cumulative capability models: a multi-method approach

Quality (Q), delivery (D), flexibility (F) and cost (C) may reinforce each other to form specific models of cumulative capability. Previous empirical studies reveal two dominant models of cumulative capabilities (Q–D–F–C and Q–D–C–F) without testing whether other models could better fit their data. The present study fulfils this gap and conducts a comparative analysis by testing various models of cumulative capabilities based on a survey of 368 Thai manufacturing plants, and concludes that Q–D–C–F is the best-fit model and further extends the models to reveal ‘simultaneous’ cumulative capability. The contributions are threefold. First, multiple methods are applied to robustly search for the best-fit model. Second, direct and indirect links between capabilities are revealed to add insights into the cumulative reinforcement patterns among capabilities. Third, we show that the widely accepted sand-cone model (Q–D–F–C) and competitive progression theory are not necessarily the dominant approaches for explaining cumulative capability patterns of manufacturers, especially from an emerging country. The results are also significant for practitioners as they understand how capabilities such as quality and delivery can simultaneously improve the next sequential capability.     

6西格玛：中国企业变革的路径选择

历时近30多年的中国国企改造给人们已展现出一幅亮丽的图景。到2010年初止，国企的产值由过去的90％变成50％左右。研究发现：在这些改制的企业中。有的转制成了私人企业．有的变成了合资企业。其中，业绩较理想的多数还是合资企业。那些成功改制后的合资企业是通过什么样的管理手段和路径使其效率大增？通过大量案例分析发现：6西格玛和与其共生的精益生产等现代生产管理方式是其变革的路径选择。     

Combinatorial design of a minimum cost transfer line

The problem of equipment selection for a production line is considered. Each piece of equipment, also called unit or block, performs a set of operations. All necessary operations of the line and all available blocks with their costs are known. The difficulty is to choose the most appropriate blocks and group them into (work)stations. There are some constraints that restrict the assignment of different blocks to the same station. Two combinatorial approaches for solving this problem are suggested. Both are based on a novel concept of locally feasible stations. The first approach combinatorially enumerates all feasible solutions, and the second reduces the problem to search for a maximum weight clique. A boolean linear program based on a set packing formulation is presented. Computer experiments with benchmark data are described. Their results show that the set packing model is competitive and can be used to solve real-life problems.     

广东近代兵器工业的兴起

广东近代的兵器工业从同治年间肇端,几经整合发展成为广东制造局、广东制造枪弹厂。20世纪初,二者经过合并扩充,成为广东制造军械厂。这些兵工厂是晚清时期广东省建立的第一批仿造西方先进军火的兵工企业,奠定了广东兵器制造业的基础。     

The Role of Culture as Driver of Quality Management and Performance: Infrastructure Versus Core Quality Practices*

Increasingly, scholars and practitioners recognize the importance of understanding organizational culture when implementing operations management practices. This study investigates the relationships among organizational culture, infrastructure and core quality management practices, and manufacturing performance using two alternative models. Understanding these relationships is important because culture can provide insight into the context dependence of quality management practices and shed light on the mixed results of past studies concerning the link between quality management and performance. Analysis of manufacturing plants from six countries indicates that organizational culture has a stronger influence on infrastructure quality management practices than on core quality management practices, regardless of whether the plants are located in Eastern or Western countries. In addition, infrastructure quality management practices have a significant effect on manufacturing performance. These results contribute to the quality management literature by emphasizing the importance of accounting for culture when making decisions to implement quality management practices to achieve a performance advantage. Finally, we also contribute to the literature on the culture–performance linkage by finding support for a direct link between culture and manufacturing performance.     

解剖式夹具设计教学研究

文章讨论了《机械制造技术基础》课程在教学学时减少后面临的问题,论述了采用PRO/E进行夹具设计教学的优势及实现方法.     

鄂伦春族桦树皮制品的制作与分类

本文从鄂伦春族桦树皮文化的制作工艺和分类入手,论述了桦树皮文化的内涵及价值.     

Centralized versus Decentralized Competition for Price and Lead‐Time Sensitive Demand

We study two firms that compete on price and lead‐time decisions in a common market. We explore the impact of decentralizing these decisions, as made by the marketing and production departments, respectively, with either marketing or production as the leader. We compare scenarios in which none, one, or both of the firms are decentralized to see whether decentralization can be the equilibrium strategy. We find that under intense price competition, with intensity characterized by the underlying parameters of market demand, firms may suffer from a decentralized structure, particularly under high flexibility induced by high capacity, where revenue‐based sales incentives motivate sales/marketing to make aggressive price cuts that often erode profit margins. In contrast, under intense lead‐time competition, a decentralized strategy with marketing as the leader can not only result in significantly higher profits, but also be the equilibrium strategy. Moreover, decentralization may no longer lead to lower prices or longer lead‐times if the production department chooses capacity along with lead‐time.      

全球制造网络及其对发展中国家的意义

全球制造网络是一种新的制造组织系统,具有卓越的制造能力与服务能力,对传统的制造观念形成挑战。本文分析与探讨了全球制造网络产生形成的推动力量、其概念的提出与发展、网络成员、理论基础,在此基础上,本文论述了全球制造网络在企业、产业以及国家层面上为发展中国家提供的发展机遇,分别是全球制造网络为发展中国家本地企业知识获取提供机会,为向发展中国家的知识转移提供机会,以及为发展中国家产业升级提供了机会,最后探讨了全球制造网络对中国本地产业及企业发展的启示。     

项目教学法在毕业设计(论文)中的实践

项目教学法对于提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力有着重要意义。在机自专业的毕业设计(论文)课程教学中,以真实的项目为依托,激发了学生对科研和相关理论知识学习的兴趣,为学生从事生产实践或科学研究做好准备,既完成教师的部分教学工作量,也完成了教师一定的科研工作量。