Conditional symmetry models for three-way contingency tables

We generalize the classical conditional or triangular symmetry model for I×I$I\times I$ contingency tables to three-way I×I×I$I\times I\times I$ tables with commensurable ordinal classification variables. The construction of the new family of models is such that the desirable property that connects conditional symmetry to complete symmetry and marginal homogeneity models in two-way tables is retained in three-way tables. Furthermore, connections between our proposed models obey a coherent structure. We provide maximum likelihood estimation for the new models which is illustrated with a real data example.     

Nonparametric estimation of multivariate extreme-value copulas

Extreme-value copulas arise in the asymptotic theory for componentwise maxima of independent random samples. An extreme-value copula is determined by its Pickands dependence function, which is a function on the unit simplex subject to certain shape constraints that arise from an integral transform of an underlying measure called spectral measure. Multivariate extensions are provided of certain rank-based nonparametric estimators of the Pickands dependence function. The shape constraint that the estimator should itself be a Pickands dependence function is enforced by replacing an initial estimator by its best least-squares approximation in the set of Pickands dependence functions having a discrete spectral measure supported on a sufficiently fine grid. Weak convergence of the standardized estimators is demonstrated and the finite-sample performance of the estimators is investigated by means of a simulation experiment.     

Understanding Sheng Nu (“Leftover Women”): the Phenomenon of Late Marriage among Chinese Professional Women

In the past few decades, there has been a rise in the number of single, unmarried Chinese professional women, which is known as the sheng nu or “leftover women” phenomenon. Through an interactionist grounded theory method, this study has located the interactional constraints faced by 50 single Chinese professional women that were issued by their male romantic partners and parents, respectively. “Discriminatory” and “controlling” gendered constraints issued by the women's male suitors and partners reflected the persistence of the Chinese patriarchal structure, and this was found to be the leading cause of the women being “leftover” in the marriage market. Parents' traditional views continued to exert strong influences on the women's marital choices, but this was seen to conflict with their more “modern” views toward advocating and supporting the women's strong economic achievements. The four different types of Chinese professional women that were constructed based on their different partner choice strategies not only gave rise to an in‐depth and nuanced understanding of the sheng nu phenomenon in China, but could also be generalized toward understanding the marital choices of single professional women in other patriarchal societies who faced similar dilemmas in reconciling interactional constraints imposed by men and parents alike.     

藏彝走廊边缘群体的主体性表达——羌寨罗达的文化意义

多族群地区中,族群文化互动是一个客观事实,也是人类学研究的经典话题,探讨文化互动中边缘群体的主体性则是新近人类学关注的主题之一。在藏彝走廊地区,羌族在吸收藏族的罗达后,根据自身社会结构、信仰和认知方式对罗达进行了积极的生产和维持。这是一个文化经营的过程,它体现了身处边缘状态的羌族利用自身观念和价值创造文化与保持身份认同的主体能动性。探讨边缘群体的主体性表达有助于深化和拓展华夏边缘论,超越中心与边缘的对立,同时也有利于思考全球化时代地方     

法律变迁的结构性制约——国家、市场与社会互动中的中国律师职业

对改革开放以来中国法律体系变迁根源的探讨,通常遵循国家主义的认识论,即国家意志主导甚至决定了法律体系变迁的所有方面。这种认识论虽然能够较好说明改革开放初期法律体系在中国的再造,但是未能全面把握当前的复杂情况。本文以律师职业在改革开放时期的变迁为例,利用定量数据和实证方法说明国家、市场和社会对法律体系的多重动态影响,提出法律变迁的“结构性制约”理论框架。改革开放以来中国法律体系变迁已逐步由国家主导的格局,演变成国家、市场、社会和法律体系之间相互直接和间接影响的格局。     

When Are Local Incentive Constraints Sufficient?

We study the question of whether local incentive constraints are sufficient to imply full incentive compatibility in a variety of mechanism design settings, allowing for probabilistic mechanisms. We give a unified approach that covers both continuous and discrete type spaces. On many common preference domains—including any convex domain of cardinal or ordinal preferences, single‐peaked ordinal preferences, and successive single‐crossing ordinal preferences—local incentive compatibility (suitably defined) implies full incentive compatibility. On domains of cardinal preferences that satisfy a strong nonconvexity condition, local incentive compatibility is not sufficient. Our sufficiency results hold for dominant‐strategy and Bayesian Nash solution concepts, and allow for some interdependence in preferences.     

我国粮食安全产业带建设:现实意义、约束条件与实施对策

国家粮食安全产业带是中央政府基于当前国内粮食安全形势和复杂国际形势科学研判提出的全新概念,不仅具有保障粮食安全、构建全产业链发展格局、优化粮食生产布局的深刻内涵,还具有提高粮食综合生产能力、促进粮食产业高质量发展、推进农业现代化发展的重大意义。为此,围绕“在哪建”“谁来建”“如何建”三大问题进行科学分析明确国家粮食安全产业带建设的地点、主体和重心,捋顺国家粮食安全产业带建设思路。研究发现当前国家粮食安全产业带建设面临着要素资源约束、内生动力不足、传统产业转型升级困难、区域协同发展不充分等问题。针对问题提出完善资源要素保障体系、发挥政策引导扶持作用、推动粮食产业转型升级、构建区域协同发展机制等对策建议。     

自然资源约束下的中国农业发展

农业生产是以自然资源为基础的活动,土地等自然资源仍然是发展中国家农业发展过程中最普遍的限制性因素。因此,自然资源禀赋不能被看做是既定的因素而忽视其作用。中国是世界上农业资源严重匮乏的国家之一。农业自然资源匮乏对中国农业生产率提高、农业经营规模扩大、农业产业结构调整等都有着很强的制约作用,进而影响着中国农业现代化的模式和进程。在自然资源约束条件下,中国农业发展的主要策略是加快农业技术创新,实现由资源型农业向科学型农业的转变;选择合适的农业经营方式,着重扩大农户外部经营规模;调整农产品贸易结构,出口劳动密集型农产品,换取土地密集型农产品;发展生态农业,建立农业可持续发展的新模式。     

谈反垄断法对我国民族品牌之维护

民族品牌所代表的利益与反垄断法的价值目标具有内在的一致性。反垄断法负有维护民族品牌的使命,并在这方面具有自身的优势。反垄断法维护民族品牌的方式主要体现在垄断行为认定标准的掌握、处理程序的运用、法律责任的适用等方面。基于主、客观两方面的需要,反垄断法在维护民族品牌方面要受到一定的制约。     

翻译活动中译者的伦理约束

翻译活动是一种群体活动,其中有多个主体参加.这些主体的相互交流受到伦理学原则的约束,其对译者的制约更是举足轻重.译者受到的伦理约束主要体现在再现、服务、交际、规范和承诺五个方面.这五种伦理约束相互作用又相互牵制,这为明确译者在翻译活动中的职责和义务提供了理论上的依据.