内蒙古天然碱成分对三种钢材焊接接头腐蚀的影响

结合生产实际,模拟不同浓度的天然碱苛化液,进行不同温度,不同时间的静态,动态腐蚀试验,以考查天然碱成分对钢材焊接接头腐蚀的影响规律,利用透射电镜观察分析焊接接头表面的腐蚀形貌及产物,以揭示其腐蚀机理。     

二阶常微分方程边值问题

本文通过对非线性常微分方程两边边值问题：ｘ〃＝ｆ（ｔ,ｘ,ｘ’）,ｘ（０）＝Ａ,ｘ（１）＝Ｂ的解的先验估计,并利用Ｌｅｒａｙ－Ｓｃｈａｕｄｅｒ度理论讨论了解的存在性及唯一性。     

Weighted Approximations to Continuous Time Martingales with Applications

A weighted approximation to a sequence of continuous time martingales by a time transformed Wiener process is established. The basic tool of proof is the Skorohod imbedding for martingale difference sequences. As an application of the main result a useful weighted approximation to the randomly weighted uniform empirical process is derived. A number of other applications are also discussed.     

Non-parametric estimation of the long-range dependence exponent for Gaussian processes

We consider a class of long-range-dependent Gaussian processes defined in a semiparametric framework. We propose a new estimator of the long-range dependence parameter, based on the integration of the periodogram in two windows. We show that it is asymptotically Gaussian and calculate the rate of convergence. We optimise parameters defining the window function for the minimum mean-square-error criterion. In a Monte-Carlo study, we compare the proposed estimator with previously studied estimators.     

Reflexivity,Process, and Responsibility: Itineraries in Clinical Research

From the start of the discipline, the use of sociological knowledge to produce positive changes has created theoretical/practical and neutral/normative dilemmas, which are currently a crucial point for the development of clinical research. This paper considers the implications related to these dilemmas, examining thoroughly the methodological significance of research itineraries, upon which the main structure of clinical sociological research in Italy is currently based. The importance of the concepts of process, feedback, and responsibility are discussed as the prime ingredients of sociological clinical research.     

Extensions of Fill's algorithm for perfect simulation

Fill's algorithm for perfect simulation for attractive finite state space models, unbiased for user impatience, is presented in terms of stochastic recursive sequences and extended in two ways. Repulsive discrete Markov random fields with two coding sets like the auto-Poisson distribution on a lattice with 4-neighbourhood can be treated as monotone systems if a particular partial ordering and quasi-maximal and quasi-minimal states are used. Fill's algorithm then applies directly. Combining Fill's rejection sampling with sandwiching leads to a version of the algorithm which works for general discrete conditionally specified repulsive models. Extensions to other types of models are briefly discussed.     

Expressing Estimators of Expected Quality Adjusted Survival as Functions of Nelson-Aalen Estimators

Quality adjusted survival has been increasingly advocated in clinical trials to be assessed as a synthesis of survival and quality of life. We investigate nonparametric estimation of its expectation for a general multistate process with incomplete follow-up data. Upon establishing a representation of expected quality adjusted survival through marginal distributions of a set of defined events, we propose two estimators for expected quality adjusted survival. Expressed as functions of Nelson-Aalen estimators, the two estimators are strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. We derive their asymptotic variances and propose sample-based variance estimates, along with evaluation of asymptotic relative efficiency. Monte Carlo studies show that these estimation procedures perform well for practical sample sizes. We illustrate the methods using data from a national, multicenter AIDS clinical trial.     

论哈特的法律内在观点

本文从内在观点的诠释性出发,介绍了哈特理论的一些重要评论家对内在观点与实证主义的描述性目标之间的矛盾的批评。本文认为,哈特的内在观点必须结合哈特独特的二元规则体系来理解:内在观点是一种批判反思性观点,内在观点的主体是官员,客体是次要规则,内在观点的接受是一种社会事实。如此辨明的内在观点足以消解众多批评的声音。不过,德沃金通过挑战哈特的规则体系法律观,迫使哈特转而采取包容性实证主义的立场。     

消费经济:十二五时期新的经济增长点

我国经济发展的发动机由外转内,其中尤为重要的是扩大消费需求.消费需求不但拉动经济增长还推动产业结构转型升级.扩大内需关键是要动员居民的即时消费.发展消费经济不只是提高居民消费力,还需要创造和提升消费需求.消费方式的多样化,消费业态的扩展,消费模式的调整,是发展消费经济的主要路径,在消费经济中消费者是主体,但是不等于由消费者自己来发展消费经济.发展消费经济的主体还是生产和服务企业,政府也要有所作为.     

公司与1929年的大危机

1929—1933年的经济大危机虽然已经成为历史,但是其破坏程度之大,波及范围之广至今仍让人记忆犹新。对于这次危机的原因,已经有很多种说法可供我们详加评论,比如:供需不平衡,经济的虚假繁荣造成超前消费最终导致经济崩溃。文章从公司的角度,根据其发展历程来探究这次危机发生的原因。