试析国民收入的隐形分配——灰色消费理论假说

国民收入的隐形分配通过灰色消费的形式实现。当公共资源被个人垄断、存在通过交换公共资源而获得私利的可能性和现实性时,灰色消费的出现就不可避免。中国人的生活水平仅用年收入或恩格尔系数来衡量是片面的、虚假的,还必须用灰色消费系数来反映。灰色消费起到了一种国民收入再分配的作用,从消费而不是收入方面拉大了贫富差距,并集聚了社会动荡的风险。     

AN EXACT CONDITIONAL TEST FOR COVARIANCE SELECTION MODELS

An exact conditional test is developed for testing the absence of an edge in a graphical covariance selection model and is shown to be equivalent to a test based on the partial correlation coefficient. An example is given.     

论正态分布在教育评价中的应用

本文就正态分布理论做一介绍 ,并着重论述正态分布理论在教育评价中的应用 ,以便使教育评价更为客观、公正 ,这对于提高教育评价水平和管理水平有着十分重要的意义。     

小孔泻流速率分布函数及其特征速率

从麦克斯韦速率分布律出发推导出泻流分子的速率分布 ,讨论了泻流速率分布与平衡态分子速率分布的关系 ,并将它们的相关状态作了对比 ,为实验验证麦克斯韦速率分布律提供了一种新的方法     

EXPONENTIAL DISPERSION MODELS AND THE GAUSS-NEWTON ALGORITHM

It is known that the Fisher scoring iteration for generalized linear models has the same form as the Gauss-Newton algorithm for normal regression. This note shows that exponential dispersion models are the most general families to preserve this form for the scoring iteration. Therefore exponential dispersion models are the most general extension of generalized linear models for which the analogy with normal regression is preserved. The multinomial distribution is used as an example.     

Simulation study of confidence regions for canonical variate analysis

Canonical variate analysis often involves the construction of confidence regions round points representing group means in a 2-dimensional plot. Traditionally circles have always been constructed, but some authors have recently advocated ellipses as being more appropriate. This paper describes a Monte Carlo study investigating the effect of a range of factors on the inclusion rates of true population means within both types of region for normal data. The traditional circles do not perform too badly within a restricted range, but they are nearly always under-included. The ellipses usually have higher inclusion rates, and so are often closer to the nominal rate, but are sometimes over-included.     

建设和谐社会必须大力消除分配不公

文章从建设社会主义和谐社会的目标出发,分析了劳动收入与资本收入失衡、农民收入太低、垄断行业收入过高、权力寻租、收入差距过大等分配不公现象。阐述了收入分配不公对我国社会主义经济建设、政治建设、社会建设的严重危害。提出了大幅度提高工资水平、开征垄断税、运用税收和转移支付手段迅速缩小收入差距等消除收入分配不公的措施。     

贵州连锁零售业的物流配送分析

从贵州零售业发展引申出物流业的现状以及物流在零售业中的应用情况。     

复惠更斯源展开的参量选择

本文讨论复惠更斯源展开法的具体应用,并以自由空间的圆拄面波为例,说明展开参量对波场计算的影响,以及由此得出的参量选择准则.     

A simple monotone process with application to radiocarbon-dated depth chronologies

Summary.  We propose a new and simple continuous Markov monotone stochastic process and use it to make inference on a partially observed monotone stochastic process. The process is piecewise linear, based on additive independent gamma increments arriving in a Poisson fashion. An independent increments variation allows very simple conditional simulation of sample paths given known values of the process. We take advantage of a reparameterization involving the Tweedie distribution to provide efficient computation. The motivating problem is the establishment of a chronology for samples taken from lake sediment cores, i.e. the attribution of a set of dates to samples of the core given their depths, knowing that the age–depth relationship is monotone. The chronological information arises from radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating at a subset of depths. We use the process to model the stochastically varying rate of sedimentation.