Data-driven operations management: organisational implications of the digital transformation in industrial practice

Abstract

The ongoing digital transformation on industry has so far mostly been studied from the perspective of cyber-physical systems solutions as drivers of change. In this paper, we turn the focus to the changes in data management resulting from the introduction of new digital technologies in industry. So far, data processing activities in operations management have usually been organised according to the existing business structures inside and in-between companies. With increasing importance of Big Data in the context of the digital transformation, the opposite will be the case: business structures will evolve based on the potential to develop value streams offered on the basis of new data processing solutions. Based on a review of the extant literature, we identify the general different fields of action for operations management related to data processing. In particular, we explore the impact of Big Data on industrial operations and its organisational implications.     

企业管理信息系统与P3、P3e/c数据交换的研究与实现

本文首先讨论P3、P3e/c项目管理软件与企业管理信息系统集成的必要性和重要性,然后详细地介绍了采用RA引擎(OLE对象)技术来实现P3软件与企业管理信息系统的数据交换,以及与P3e/c交互的原理。分析P3、P3e/c在数据组织上的差异,提出解决方案。最后以实例讨论和分析了这种方法在实际系统中的应用。     

制造业项目结构分解过程模型研究

针对项目分解中工作分解结构方法的不足,以制造业项目为例,考虑项目产品本身的构造及特点的基础上,综合项目产品的工艺装配过程、产品数据管理技术以及项目组织结构,构建了项目结构分解的过程模型,并对该模型进行了详细分析,应用该模型能够更加科学、合理地进行项目分解,确定项目范围。     

Production efficiency in Indian agriculture: An assessment of the post green revolution years

In this paper we use the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to obtain Pareto-Koopmans measures of technical efficiency of individual states over the years 1970–71 through 2000–01 in a multi-output, multi-input model of agricultural production. We disaggregate overall efficiency into two distinct components representing output and input efficiencies and identify the contribution of individual outputs and inputs to the measured level of overall efficiency. Because introduction of modern inputs has been a major component of the process of modernization of Indian agriculture, we examine to what extent different states succeeded in utilizing the modern inputs compared to the traditional inputs. Variations in the DEA efficiency scores across states and over years is explained in terms of differences in various institutional and demographic factors in a second stage regression analysis.     

Longitudinal Analysis of Inhibitors of Manufacturer Delivery Performance

This article examines demand, manufacturing, and supply factors proposed to inhibit manufacturer delivery execution. Extant research proposes many factors expected to harm delivery performance. Prior cross‐sectional empirical research examines such factors at the plant level, generally finding factors arising from dynamic complexity to be significant, but factors arising from detail complexity to be insignificant. Little empirical research examines the factors using product‐level operating data, which arguably makes more sense for analyzing how supply chain complexity factors inhibit delivery. For purposes of research triangulation, we use longitudinal product‐level data from MRP systems to examine whether the factors inhibit internal manufacturing on time job rates and three customer‐oriented measures of delivery performance: product line item fill rates, average delivery lead times, and average tardiness. Our econometric models pool product line item data across division plants and within distinct product families, using a proprietary monthly dataset on over 100 product line items from the environmental controls manufacturing division of a Fortune 100 conglomerate. The data summarize customer ordering events of over 900 customers and supply chain activities of over 80 suppliers. The study contributes academically by finding significant detail complexity inhibitors of delivery that prior studies found insignificant. The findings demonstrate the need for empirical research using data disaggregated below the plant‐level unit of analysis, as they illustrate how some factors previously found insignificant indeed are significant when considered at the product‐level unit of analysis. Managers can use the findings to understand better which drivers and inhibitors of delivery performance are important.     

基于家庭收入的保障性住房标准研究

 保障性住房是关系国计民生的重大问题,为使保障性住房充分发挥作用,其准入标准的确定尤为重要。目前我国保障性住房准入标准大都以人均收入作为参考指标,本文旨在测算并确立以家庭收入为参考指标的保障性住房准入标准。由于厦门市保障性住房在全国具有示范效应,故以厦门为例考察基于家庭收入的保障性住房准入标准。根据抽样调查的分组数据界定“中低收入组”,通过正态分布与均匀分布的转换,利用格点映射法,找出覆盖面为40%的收入上限值,即为保障性住房的准入标准。基于此标准,结合“按年人均收入限值”这一指标,将家庭组别按人口细分,划分出针对不同家庭规模的参考准入标准。     

基于Bayes概率边界域的粗集分类方法及其在高频数据中的应用

 作为一种近似处理的工具,粗集主要用于不确定情况下的决策分析,并且不需要任何事先的数据假定。但当前的主流粗集分类方法仍然需要先经过离散化的步骤,这就损失了数值型变量提供的高质量信息。本文对隶属函数重新加以概率定义,并提出了一种基于Bayes概率边界域的粗集分类技术,比较好的解决了当前粗集方法所面临的数值型属性分类的不适应、分类规则不完备等一系列问题。     

证券投资意识调查分析 —基于数据挖掘的视角

 证券公司对于客户的挖掘和分类有利于挖掘潜在客户和做出适当的营销决策。本文将决策树、逻辑斯蒂回归和贝氏机率分类算法用于判断被访者是否购买股票,以此挖掘潜在客户,用K-means聚类法将股票购买者划分不同的类型,并建议采取不同的服务和营销方式,提高客户的忠诚度。     

A study of DEA models without explicit inputs

In performance evaluations, data without explicit inputs (such as index data, pure output data) are widely used. To directly use such data, this paper presents a study on building DEA models without explicit inputs, so-called DEA-WEI models, which are applicable to the evaluation applications where inputs are not directly considered. We provide an axiom foundation of these kinds of models, and further discuss how to incorporate value judgments of decision makers into these DEA-WEI models. Several such models are derived. Finally, applications of the DEA-WEI models are presented.     

Incorporating quality into data envelopment analysis of nursing home performance: A case study

When using data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a benchmarking technique for nursing homes, it is essential to include measures of the quality of care. We survey applications where quality has been incorporated into DEA models and consider the concerns that arise when the results show that quality measures have been effectively ignored. Three modeling techniques are identified that address these concerns. Each of these techniques requires some input from management as to the proper emphasis to be placed on the quality aspect of performance. We report the results of a case study in which we apply these techniques to a DEA model of nursing home performance. We examine in depth not only the resulting efficiency scores, but also the benchmark sets and the weights given to the input and output measures. We find that two of the techniques are effective in insuring that DEA results discriminate between high and low quality performance.